KVS TGT/PGT/PRT

आधिकारिक पाठ्यक्रम के मानकीकरण तक टॉपिक प्रतीक्षित हैं।

आधिकारिक पाठ्यक्रम के मानकीकरण तक टॉपिक प्रतीक्षित हैं।

आधिकारिक पाठ्यक्रम के मानकीकरण तक टॉपिक प्रतीक्षित हैं।

आधिकारिक पाठ्यक्रम के मानकीकरण तक टॉपिक प्रतीक्षित हैं।

आधिकारिक पाठ्यक्रम के मानकीकरण तक टॉपिक प्रतीक्षित हैं।

आधिकारिक पाठ्यक्रम के मानकीकरण तक टॉपिक प्रतीक्षित हैं।

• Sets:

  17 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Sets and their representations, Empty set, Finite and Infinite sets, Equal sets, Subsets

• Trigonometric Functions

  8 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Positive and negative angles

• Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Need for complex numbers, especially√−1, to be motivated by inability to solve some of the quardratic equations

• Linear Inequalities

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Linear inequalities

• Permutations and Combinations

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Fundamental principle of counting

• Binomial Theorem

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Historical perspective, statement and proof of the binomial theorem for positive integral indices

• Sequence and Series

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Sequence and Series

• Straight Lines

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Slope of a line and angle between two lines

• Conic Sections

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Sections of a cone: circles, ellipse, parabola, hyperbola, a point, a straight line and a pair of intersecting lines as a degenerated case of a conic section

• Introduction to Three-dimensional Geometry

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Coordinate axes and coordinate planes in three dimensions

• Limits and Derivatives

  5 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Derivative introduced as rate of change both as that of distance function and geometrically

• Statistics

  1 टॉपिक

  • Measures of Dispersion: Range, Mean deviation, variance and standard deviation of ungrouped/grouped data

• Probability

  6 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Random experiments

• Relations and Functions

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Types of relations: reflexive, symmetric, transitive and equivalence relations

• Inverse Trigonometric Functions

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Definition, range, domain, principal value branch

• Matrices

  6 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero and identity matrix, transpose of a matrix, symmetric and skew symmetric matrices

• Determinants

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices), minors, co-factors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle

• Continuity and Differentiability

  5 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Continuity and differentiability, derivative of composite functions, chain rule, derivative of inverse trigonometric functions, derivative of implicit functions

• Applications of Derivatives

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Applications of derivatives: rate of change of bodies, increasing/decreasing functions, maxima and minima (first derivative test motivated geometrically and second derivative test given as a provable tool)

• Integrals

  4 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Integration as inverse process of differentiation

• Applications of the Integrals

  1 टॉपिक

  • Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, circles/ parabolas/ellipses (in standard form only)

• Differential Equations

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation

• Vectors

  4 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector

• Three - dimensional Geometry

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Direction cosines and direction ratios of a line joining two points

• Linear Programming

  1 टॉपिक

  • Introduction, related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization, graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and infeasible regions (bounded or unbounded), feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints)

इस विषय के 95 टॉपिक में से 25 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 95 टॉपिक देखें →

• Units and Measurements

  4 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Need for measurement: Units of measurement

• Motion in a Straight Line

  1 टॉपिक

  • Frame of reference, Motion in a straight line, Elementary concepts of differentiation and integration for describing motion, uniform and non- uniform motion, and instantaneous velocity, uniformly accelerated motion, velocity - time and position-time graphs, Relations for uniformly accelerated motion

• Motion in a Plane

  6 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Scalar and vector quantities

• Laws of Motion:

  7 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Intuitive concept of force, Inertia, Newton's first law of motion

• Work, Energy and Power:

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Work done by a constant force and a variable force

• Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body & System of Particles and Rotational Motion

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Centre of mass of a two-particle system, momentum conservation and Centre of mass motion, Centre of mass of a rigid body

• Gravitation:

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Kepler's laws of planetary motion, universal law of gravitation, Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth

• Mechanical Properties of Solids

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Elasticity, Stress-strain relationship, Hooke's law, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, shear modulus of rigidity, Poisson's ratio

• Mechanical Properties of Fluids

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Pressure due to a fluid column

• Thermal Properties of Matter

  6 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Heat, temperature, thermal expansion

• Thermodynamics

  1 टॉपिक

  • Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature, zeroth law of thermodynamics, heat, work and internal energy, First law of thermodynamics, Second law of thermodynamics: gaseous state of matter, change of condition of gaseous state -isothermal, adiabatic, reversible, irreversible, and cyclic processes

• Behavior of Perfect Gases and Kinetic Theory of Gases :

  5 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done in compressing a gas, Kinetic theory of gases - assumptions, concept of pressure

• Oscillations and Waves:

  6 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Periodic motion - time period, frequency, displacement as a function of time, periodic functions and their application, Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M) and its equations of motion

• Electric Charges and Fields:

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Electric charges, Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law-force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges

• Magnetism and Matter

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Bar magnet, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid (qualitative treatment only), magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis (qualitative treatment only), torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field (qualitative treatment only), magnetic field lines

• Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

  5 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Electromagnetic induction

• Electromagnetic Waves

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Basic idea of displacement current, Electromagnetic waves, their characteristics, their transverse nature (qualitative idea only)

• Ray Optics and Optical Instruments Ray Optics:

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula, refraction of light, total internal reflection and optical fibers, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens maker’s formula, magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction of light through a prism

• Wave optics:

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Wave front and Huygen’s principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wave fronts, Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen’s principle

• Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter:

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Dual nature of radiation, Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations

• Atoms & Nuclei:

  6 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Alpha-particle scattering experiment

इस विषय के 72 टॉपिक में से 21 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 72 टॉपिक देखें →

• Basic Concepts of Chemistry

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • General Introduction: Importance and scope of Chemistry

• Structure of Atom

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Discovery of Electron, Proton and Neutron, atomic number, isotopes and isobars

• Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Significance of classification, brief history of the development of periodic table, modern periodic law and the present form of periodic table, periodic trends in properties of elements -atomic radii, ionic radii, inert gas radii, Ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valency

• Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

  1 टॉपिक

  • Valence electrons, ionic bond, covalent bond, bond parameters, Lewis structure, polar character of covalent bond, covalent character of ionic bond, valence bond theory, resonance, geometry of covalent molecules, VSEPR theory, concept of hybridization, involving s, p and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules, molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea only), Hydrogen bond

• Chemical Thermodynamics

  4 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Concepts of System and types of systems, surroundings, work, heat, energy, extensive and intensive properties, state functions

• Equilibrium

  1 टॉपिक

  • Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium, law of mass action, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium - Le Chatelier's principle, ionic equilibrium- ionization of acids and bases, strong and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, ionization of poly basic acids, acid strength, concept of pH, hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea), buffer solution, Henderson Equation, solubility product, common ion effect (with illustrative examples)

• Redox Reactions

  1 टॉपिक

  • Concept of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, balancing redox reactions, in terms of loss and gain of electrons and change in oxidation number, applications of redox reactions

• Organic Chemistry -Some Basic Principles and Techniques

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • General introduction, methods of purification, qualitative and quantitative analysis, classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds

• Classification of Hydrocarbons

  0 टॉपिक

• Aliphatic Hydrocarbons:

  6 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Alkanes - Nomenclature, isomerism, conformation (ethane only), physical properties, chemical reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis

• Solutions

  1 टॉपिक

  • Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, Raoult's law, colligative properties - relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van't Hoff factor

• Electrochemistry

  1 टॉपिक

  • Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's Law, electrolysis and law of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, fuel cells, corrosion

• Chemical Kinetics

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst

• d and f Block Elements

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first-row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation, preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4

• Coordination Compounds

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Coordination compounds - Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds

• Haloalkanes and Haloarenes.

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C–X bond, physical and chemical properties, optical rotation mechanism of substitution reactions

• Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of dehydration, uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol

• Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses

• Amines

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines

• Biomolecules

  7 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Carbohydrates - Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccahrides (glucose and fructose), D-L configuration oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen)

इस विषय के 52 टॉपिक में से 19 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 52 टॉपिक देखें →

• The Living World

  6 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Biodiversity

• Biological Classification

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Five kingdom classification

• Plant Kingdom

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Classification of plants into major groups

• Animal Kingdom

  1 टॉपिक

  • Salient features and classification of animals, non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to class level (salient features and at a few examples of each category)

• Morphology of Flowering Plants

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Morphology of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed

• Anatomy of Flowering Plants

  1 टॉपिक

  • Anatomy and functions of tissue systems in dicots and monocots

• Structural Organisation in Animals

  1 टॉपिक

  • Morphology, Anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of frog

• Cell-The Unit of Life

  9 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life, structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

• Biomolecules

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Chemical constituents of living cells: biomolecules, structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids

• Cell Cycle and Cell Division

  1 टॉपिक

  • Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance

• Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

  8 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition

• Respiration in Plants

  5 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Exchange of gases

• Plant - Growth and Development

  6 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Seed germination

• Breathing and Exchange of Gases

  4 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Introduction to respiratory organs in animals

• Body Fluids and Circulation

  7 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood

• Excretory Products and their Elimination

  8 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Modes of excretion - ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism

• Locomotion and Movement

  9 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Types of movement – amoeboid, ciliary, flagellar, muscular

• Chemical Coordination and Integration

  6 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Endocrine glands and hormones

• Neural Control and Coordination

  0 टॉपिक

• Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

  9 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Flower structure

• Human Reproduction

  8 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Male and female reproductive systems

• Reproductive Health

  5 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

• Principles of Inheritance and Variation

  11 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Heredity and variation, Mendelian inheritance

• Molecular Basis of Inheritance

  9 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Structure of DNA and RNA

• Evolution

  8 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Origin of life

• Human Health and Diseases

  5 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Pathogens

• Biotechnology - Principles and Processes

  1 टॉपिक

  • Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology)

• Biotechnology and its Application

  5 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: genetically modified organisms - Bt crops

• Organisms and Populations

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Population interactions - mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism, commensalism

• Ecosystem

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Ecosystem, productivity and decomposition

• Biodiversity and Conservation

  4 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Biodiversity - Concept, levels, patterns, importance

इस विषय के 151 टॉपिक में से 30 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 151 टॉपिक देखें →

• Computer Systems and Organisation

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  •  Basic Computer Organisation : Introduction to computer system, hardware, software, input device, output device, CPU, memory (primary, cache and secondary), units of memory (Bit, Byte, KB, MB, GB, TB, PB)  Types of software: system software (operating systems, system utilities, device drivers), programming tools and language translators (assembler, compiler & interpreter), application software  Operating system (OS): functions of operating system, OS user interface  Boolean logic: NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, truth table, De Morgan’s laws and logic circuits  Number system: Binary, Octal, Decimal and Hexadecimal number system

• Computational Thinking and Programming

  7 में से 1 टॉपिक

  •  Introduction to problem solving: Steps for problem solving (analysing the problem, developing an algorithm, coding, testing and debugging). representation of algorithms using flow chart and pseudo code, decomposition  Familiarization with the basics of Python programming: Introduction to Python, features of Python, executing a simple "hello world" program, execution modes: interactive mode and script mode, Python character set, Python tokens (keyword, identifier, literal, operator, punctuator), variables, concept of l-value and r-value, use of comments  Knowledge of data types: number (integer, floating point, complex), boolean, sequence (string, list, tuple), none, mapping (dictionary), mutable and immutable data types  Operators: arithmetic operators, relational operators, logical operators, assignment operator, augmented assignment operators, identity operators (is, is not), membership operators (in, not in)  Expressions, statement, type conversion & input/output: precedence of operators, expression, evaluation of expression, python statement, type conversion (explicit & implicit conversion), accepting data as input from the console and displaying output  Errors: syntax errors, logical errors, runtime errors  Flow of control: introduction, use of indentation, sequential flow, conditional and iterative flow control  Conditional statements: if, if-else, if-elif-else, flowcharts, simple programs: e.g.: absolute value, sort 3 numbers and divisibility of a number  Iterative statements: for loop, range function, while loop, flowcharts, break and continue statements, nested loops, suggested programs: generating pattern, summation of series, finding the factorial of a positive number etc  Strings: introduction, indexing, string operations (concatenation, repetition, membership & slicing), traversing a string using loops, built-in functions: len(), capitalize(), title(), lower(), upper(), count(), find(), index(), endswith(), startswith(), isalnum(), isalpha(), isdigit(), islower(), isupper(), isspace(), lstrip(), rstrip(), strip(), replace(), join(), partition(), split()  Lists: introduction, indexing, list operations (concatenation, repetition, membership & slicing), traversing a list using loops, built-in functions: len(), list(), append(), extend(), insert(), count(), index(), remove(), pop(), reverse(), sort(), sorted(), min(), max(), sum()

• Society, Law and Ethics

  1 टॉपिक

  •  Digital Footprints  Digital society and Netizen: net etiquettes, communication etiquettes, social media etiquettes  Data protection: Intellectual Property Right (copyright, patent, trademark), violation of IPR (plagiarism, copyright infringement, trademark infringement), open source softwares and licensing (Creative Commons, GPL and Apache)  Cyber-crime: definition, hacking, eavesdropping, phishing and fraud emails, ransomware, preventing cyber crime  Cyber safety: safely browsing the web, identity protection, confidentiality, cyber trolls and bullying.  Safely accessing web sites: malware, viruses, trojans, adware  E-waste management: proper disposal of used electronic gadgets  Indian Information Technology Act (IT Act)  Technology & Society: Gender and disability issues while teaching and using computers

• Computational Thinking and Programming – 2

  1 टॉपिक

  •  Functions: types of function (built-in functions, functions defined in module, user defined functions), creating user defined function, arguments and parameters, default parameters, positional parameters, function returning value(s), flow of execution, scope of a variable (global scope, local scope)  Introduction to files, types of files (Text file, Binary file, CSV file), relative and absolute paths  Text file: opening a text file, text file open modes (r, r+, w, w+, a, a+), closing a text file, opening a file using with clause, writing/appending data to a text file using write() and writelines(), reading from a text file using read(), readline() and readlines(), seek and tell methods, manipulation of data in a text file  Binary file: basic operations on a binary file: open using file open modes (rb, rb+, wb, wb+, ab, ab+), close a binary file, import pickle module, dump() and load() method, read, write/create, search, append and update operations in a binary file  CSV file: import csv module, open / close csv file, write into a csv file using csv.writerow() and read from a csv file using csv.reader( )

• Computer Networks

  1 टॉपिक

  •  Evolution of networking: introduction to computer networks, evolution of networking (ARPANET, NSFNET, INTERNET)  Data communication terminologies: concept of communication, components of data communication (sender, receiver, message, communication media, protocols), measuring capacity of communication media (bandwidth, data transfer rate), IP address, switching techniques (Circuit switching, Packet switching)  Transmission media: Wired communication media (Twisted pair cable, Co-axial cable, Fiber- optic cable), Wireless media (Radio waves, Micro waves, Infrared waves)  Network devices (Modem, Ethernet card, RJ45, Repeater, Hub, Switch, Router, Gateway, WIFI card)  Network topologies and Network types: types of networks (PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN), networking topologies (Bus, Star, Tree)  Network protocol: HTTP, FTP, PPP, SMTP, TCP/IP, POP3, HTTPS, TELNET, VoIP, wireless/mobile communication protocol such as GSM, GPRS and WLL  Introduction to web services: WWW, Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup Language (XML), domain names, URL, website, web browser, web servers, web hosting

• Database Management

  1 टॉपिक

  •  Database concepts: introduction to database concepts and its need  Relational data model: relation, attribute, tuple, domain, degree, cardinality, keys (candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key)  Structured Query Language: introduction, Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation Language, data type (char(n), varchar(n), int, float, date), constraints (not null, unique, primary key), create database, use database, show databases, drop database, show tables, create table, describe table, alter table (add and remove an attribute, add and remove primary key), drop table, insert, delete, select, operators (mathematical, relational and logical), aliasing, distinct clause, where clause, in, between, order by, meaning of null, is null, is not null, like, update command, delete command, aggregate functions (max, min, avg, sum, count), group by, having clause, joins: cartesian product on two tables, equi-join and natural join  Interface of python with an SQL database: connecting SQL with Python, performing insert, update, delete queries using cursor, display data by using fetchone(), fetchall(), rowcount, creating database connectivity applications

• Introduction to Computer System

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  •  Introduction to computers and computing: evolution of computing devices, components of a computer system and their interconnections, Input/Output devices.  Computer Memory: Units of memory, types of memory – primary and secondary, data deletion, its recovery and related security concerns

• Introduction to Python

  1 टॉपिक

  •  Basics of Python programming, Python interpreter - interactive and script mode, the structure of a program, indentation, identifiers, keywords, constants, variables, types of operators, precedence of operators, data types, mutable and immutable data types, statements, expressions, evaluation of expressions, comments, input and output statements, data type conversion, debugging, control statements: if-else, for loop Lists: list operations - creating, initializing, traversing and manipulating lists, list methods and built- in functions.: len(), list(), append(), extend(), insert(), count(), find(), remove(), pop(), reverse(), sort(), sorted(), min(), max(), sum()  Dictionary: concept of key-value pair, creating, initializing, traversing, updating and deleting elements, dictionary methods and built-in functions: len(), dict(), keys(), values(), items(), get(), update(), clear(), del()

• Database concepts and the Structured Query Language

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  •  Database Concepts: Introduction to database concepts and its need, Database Management System

• Emerging Trends

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Natural Language Processing, Immersive experience (AR, VR), Robotics, Big data and its characteristics, Internet of Things (IoT), Sensors, Smart cities, Cloud Computing and Cloud Services (SaaS, IaaS, PaaS)

• Data Handling using Pandas

  10 में से 1 टॉपिक

  •  Introduction to Python libraries- Pandas, Matplotlib.  Data structures in Pandas - Series and Data Frames.  Series: Creation of Series from – ndarray, dictionary, scalar value

• Database Query using SQL

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  •  Math functions: POWER (), ROUND (), MOD ().  Text functions: UCASE ()/UPPER (), LCASE ()/LOWER (), MID ()/SUBSTRING ()/SUBSTR (), LENGTH (), LEFT (), RIGHT (), INSTR (), LTRIM (), RTRIM (), TRIM ().  Date Functions: NOW (), DATE (), MONTH (), MONTHNAME (), YEAR (), DAY (), DAYNAME ().  Aggregate Functions: MAX (), MIN (), AVG (), SUM (), COUNT ()

• Introduction to Computer Networks

  1 टॉपिक

  •  Introduction to networks, Types of network: LAN, MAN, WAN.  Network Devices: modem, hub, switch, repeater, router, gateway  Network Topologies: Star, Bus, Tree, Mesh.  Introduction to Internet, URL, WWW, and its applications- Web, email, Chat, VoIP.  Website: Introduction, difference between a website and webpage, static vs dynamic web page, web server and hosting of a website.  Web Browsers: Introduction, commonly used browsers, browser settings, add-ons and plug- ins, cookies

• Societal Impacts

  1 टॉपिक

  •  Digital footprint, net and communication etiquettes, data protection, intellectual property rights (IPR), plagiarism, licensing and copyright, free and open source software (FOSS), cybercrime and cyber laws, hacking, phishing, cyber bullying, overview of Indian IT Act.  E-waste: hazards and management.  Awareness about health concerns related to the usage of technology. 

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• Accountancy

  0 टॉपिक

• Introduction to Accounting

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Accounting- concept, meaning, as a source of information objectives, advantages and limitations, types of accounting information; users of accounting information and their needs. Qualitative Characteristics of Accounting Information. Role of Accounting in Business

• Theory Base of Accounting

  4 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Fundamental accounting assumptions: GAAP: Concept

• Recording of Business Transactions

  17 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Voucher and Transactions: Source documents and Vouchers, Preparation of Vouchers, Accounting Equation Approach: Meaning and Analysis, Rules of Debit and Credit

• Trial balance and Rectification of Errors

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Trial balance: objectives and meaning &preparation

• Financial Accounting – II

  6 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Financial Statements Meaning, objectives, and importance; Revenue and Capital Receipts; Revenue and Capital Expenditure

• Accounting for Partnership Firms

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Partnership: features, Partnership Deed. Provisions of the Indian Partnership Act 1932 in the absence of partnership deed

• Accounting for Partnership firms - Reconstitution and Dissolution.

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Change in the Profit Sharing Ratio among the existing partners - sacrificing ratio, gaining ratio, accounting for revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities and treatment of reserves, accumulated profits and losses. Preparation of revaluation account and balance sheet

• Retirement and death of a partner

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • effect of retirement / death of a partner on change in profit sharing ratio, treatment of goodwill (as per AS 26), treatment for revaluation of assets and reassessment of liabilities, adjustment of accumulated profits, losses and reserves, adjustment of capital accounts and preparation of capital, current account and balance sheet. Preparation of loan account of the retiring partner

• Dissolution of a partnership firm:

  1 टॉपिक

  • Meaning of dissolution of partnership and partnership firm, types of dissolution of a firm. Settlement of accounts - preparation of realization account, and other related accounts: capital accounts of partners and cash/bank a/c (excluding piecemeal distribution, sale to a company and insolvency of partner(s))

• Accounting for Share Capital

  5 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Features and types of companies

• Accounting for Debentures

  1 टॉपिक

  • Debentures: Meaning, types, Issue of debentures at par, at a premium and at a discount. Issue of debentures for consideration other than cash; Issue of debentures with terms of redemption; debentures as collateral security-concept, interest on debentures. Writing off discount / loss on issue of debentures

• Financial statements of a Company:

  9 टॉपिक

• Cash Flow Statement

  1 टॉपिक

• Business Studies

  0 टॉपिक

• Foundation of Business

  1 टॉपिक

• Evolution and Fundamentals of Business

  4 टॉपिक

• Forms of Business organizations

  8 टॉपिक

• Public, Private and Global Enterprises

  5 टॉपिक

• Business Services

  7 टॉपिक

• Emerging Modes of Business

  5 टॉपिक

• Finance and Trade-Sources of Business Finance

  3 टॉपिक

• Small Business and Enterprises

  6 टॉपिक

• Internal Trade

  10 टॉपिक

• Nature and Significance of Management

  5 टॉपिक

• Principles of Management

  3 टॉपिक

• Business Environment

  2 टॉपिक

• Planning

  4 टॉपिक

• Organising

  6 टॉपिक

• Staffing

  6 टॉपिक

• Directing

  6 टॉपिक

• Controlling

  3 टॉपिक

• Financial Management

  5 टॉपिक

• Financial Markets

  5 टॉपिक

• Marketing

  7 टॉपिक

• Consumer Protection

  4 टॉपिक

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• Introduction

  1 टॉपिक

• Collection, Organisation and Presentation of data

  3 टॉपिक

• Statistical Tools and Interpretation

  3 टॉपिक

• Introduction to Microeconomics

  2 टॉपिक

• Consumer's Equilibrium and Demand

  3 टॉपिक

• Producer Behaviour and Supply

  6 टॉपिक

• Forms of Market and Price Determination under Perfect Competition with simple applications.

  2 टॉपिक

• National Income and Related Aggregates

  4 टॉपिक

• Money and Banking

  3 टॉपिक

• Determination of Income and Employment

  5 टॉपिक

• Government Budget and the Economy

  4 टॉपिक

• Balance of Payments

  4 टॉपिक

• Development Experience (1947-90) and Economic Reforms since 1991:

  3 टॉपिक

• Current challenges facing Indian Economy

  4 टॉपिक

• Development Experience of India:

  2 टॉपिक

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• Geography as a Discipline

  2 टॉपिक

• The Earth

  3 टॉपिक

• Landforms

  2 टॉपिक

• Climate

  5 टॉपिक

• Water (Oceans)

  3 टॉपिक

• Life on the Earth

  1 टॉपिक

• India-Physical Environment

  1 टॉपिक

• Physiography

  2 टॉपिक

• Climate, Vegetation and Soil

  2 टॉपिक

• Hazards and Disasters: Causes, Consequences and Management

  4 टॉपिक

• Fundamentals of Maps

  3 टॉपिक

• Topographic and Weather Maps

  2 टॉपिक

• People

  4 टॉपिक

• Human Activities

  4 टॉपिक

• Human Settlements

  2 टॉपिक

• Transport, Communication and Trade

  4 टॉपिक

• Resources and Development

  4 टॉपिक

• Transport, Communication and International Trade

  2 टॉपिक

• Geographical Perspective on selected issues and problems

  3 टॉपिक

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• Writing and City Life

  4 टॉपिक

• An Empire across Three Continents

  6 टॉपिक

• NOMADIC EMPIRES

  5 टॉपिक

• The Three Orders.

  5 टॉपिक

• Changing Cultural Traditions

  5 टॉपिक

• Displacing Indigenous People

  5 टॉपिक

• Paths to Modernization

  4 टॉपिक

• BRICKS, BEADS AND BONES

  8 टॉपिक

• KINSHIP, CASTE AND CLASS

  5 टॉपिक

• THINKERS, BELIEFS AND BUILDINGS

  3 टॉपिक

• THROUGH THE EYES OF TRAVELLERS

  4 टॉपिक

• BHAKTI –SUFI TRADITIONS:

  4 टॉपिक

• AN IMPERIAL CAPITAL: VIJAYANAGARA(fourteenth to sixteenth centuries)

  3 टॉपिक

• PEASANTS, ZAMINDARS AND THE STATE:

  4 टॉपिक

• COLONIALISM AND THE COUNTRYSIDE: Exploring Official Archives

  3 टॉपिक

• REBELS AND THE RAJ: 1857 Revolt and its Representations

  3 टॉपिक

• MAHATMA GANDHI AND THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT:

  3 टॉपिक

• FRAMING THE CONSTITUTION:

  3 टॉपिक

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• Section A: Reading

  0 टॉपिक

• Comprehension

  2 टॉपिक

• Section B: Writing Ability

  0 टॉपिक

• B1. Functional Writing:

  3 टॉपिक

• B2. Creative and Analytical Writing:

  2 टॉपिक

• Section C: Grammar and Usage

  6 टॉपिक

• Section D: Literature

  0 टॉपिक

• D1. British Literature:

  3 टॉपिक

• D2. American Literature:

  3 टॉपिक

• D4. World Literature:

  1 टॉपिक

• D5. Literary Criticism and Movements:

  1 टॉपिक

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आधिकारिक पाठ्यक्रम के मानकीकरण तक टॉपिक प्रतीक्षित हैं।

• Introduction to Bio-technology

  5 टॉपिक

• Biochemistry

  5 टॉपिक

• Techniques, Instrumentation and principles

  4 टॉपिक

• Cell Biology

  3 टॉपिक

• Genetics and Molecular Biology

  2 टॉपिक

• Protein and gene manipulation

  4 टॉपिक

• Cell culture technology

  3 टॉपिक

• Immunology

  1 टॉपिक

• Applied Biotechnology

  1 टॉपिक

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• REAL NUMBERS

  6 टॉपिक

• POLYNOMIALS

  7 टॉपिक

• MATRICES

  8 टॉपिक

• LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

  2 टॉपिक

• PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

  3 टॉपिक

• QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

  3 टॉपिक

• ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

  1 टॉपिक

• COORDINATE GEOMETRY

  4 टॉपिक

• INTRODUCTION TO EUCLID'S GEOMETRY

  7 टॉपिक

• LINES AND ANGLES

  3 टॉपिक

• TRIANGLES

  11 टॉपिक

• QUADRILATERALS

  6 टॉपिक

• CIRCLES

  10 टॉपिक

• AREAS

  3 टॉपिक

• SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES

  3 टॉपिक

• STATISTICS

  2 टॉपिक

• PROBABILITY

  3 टॉपिक

• TRIGONOMETRY

  4 टॉपिक

• TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

  12 टॉपिक

• INEQUALITIES

  1 टॉपिक

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• Matter-Nature and Behaviour

  8 टॉपिक

• Nature of matter:

  3 टॉपिक

• Particle nature and their basic units:

  1 टॉपिक

• Structure of atoms:

  1 टॉपिक

• Chemical reactions:

  1 टॉपिक

• Acids, bases and salts:

  2 टॉपिक

• Metals and non metals:

  5 टॉपिक

• Carbon compounds:

  8 टॉपिक

• Tissues, Organs, Organ System, Organism:

  2 टॉपिक

• Life processes:

  2 टॉपिक

• Control and co-ordination in animals and plants:

  5 टॉपिक

• Reproduction:

  2 टॉपिक

• Heredity and Evolution:

  2 टॉपिक

• Cell - Basic Unit of life :

  5 टॉपिक

• Motion:

  3 टॉपिक

• Force and Newton’s laws :

  1 टॉपिक

• Gravitation:

  4 टॉपिक

• Floatation:

  3 टॉपिक

• Work, Energy and Power:

  3 टॉपिक

• Sound:

  4 टॉपिक

• Effects of Current

  10 टॉपिक

• Food Production

  4 टॉपिक

• Natural Phenomena

  11 टॉपिक

• Our environment:

  4 टॉपिक

• Diversity of living organisms

  1 टॉपिक

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• Livelihoods, Economies and Societies:

  27 टॉपिक

• GEOGRAPHY

  5 टॉपिक

• 1. India

  4 टॉपिक

• 2. Physical Features of India:

  1 टॉपिक

• 3. Drainage:

  7 टॉपिक

• 4. Climate:

  6 टॉपिक

• 5. Natural Vegetation and Wild Life:

  2 टॉपिक

• 6. Population:

  2 टॉपिक

• Democratic Politics – I

  24 टॉपिक

• Economics

  24 टॉपिक

• India and the Contemporary World – II

  0 टॉपिक

• Events and Processes:

  7 टॉपिक

• 2. Nationalism in India:

  5 टॉपिक

• Everyday Life, Culture and Politics:

  10 टॉपिक

• Contemporary India – II

  40 टॉपिक

• Democratic Politics – II

  11 टॉपिक

• 3. Gender, Religion and Caste:

  3 टॉपिक

• 4. Political Parties:

  14 टॉपिक

• Understanding Economic Development

  35 टॉपिक

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• Section A: Reading

  0 टॉपिक

• Comprehension

  2 टॉपिक

• Section B: Writing Ability

  0 टॉपिक

• B1. Functional Writing:

  3 टॉपिक

• B2. Creative and Analytical Writing:

  2 टॉपिक

• Section C: Grammar and Usage

  6 टॉपिक

• Section D: Literature

  0 टॉपिक

• D1. British Literature:

  3 टॉपिक

• D2. Indian Writing in English:

  1 टॉपिक

• D3. World Literature:

  1 टॉपिक

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आधिकारिक पाठ्यक्रम के मानकीकरण तक टॉपिक प्रतीक्षित हैं।

आधिकारिक पाठ्यक्रम के मानकीकरण तक टॉपिक प्रतीक्षित हैं।

• I Human Growth & Development

  5 टॉपिक

• II Learning, Teaching and Assessment

  5 टॉपिक

• III Pedagogy of Teaching (Select any Two)

  0 टॉपिक

• (a) Pedagogy of Teaching Science

  4 टॉपिक

• (b) Pedagogy of Teaching Mathematics

  5 टॉपिक

• (c) Pedagogy of Teaching Social Science

  5 टॉपिक

• (d) Pedagogy of Teaching Hindi

  0 टॉपिक

• (e) Pedagogy of Teaching English

  6 टॉपिक

• IV DISABILITY SPECIALIZATION (Select any ONE)

  3 टॉपिक

• a. Identification of Disability and Assessment of Needs

  5 टॉपिक

• b. Curriculum Development, Adaptation and Evaluation

  3 टॉपिक

• c. Intervention and Teaching Strategies

  3 टॉपिक

• d. Psychosocial and Family Issues

  3 टॉपिक

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• UNIT 1: Art of Indus Valley

  0 टॉपिक

• UNIT 2 : Buddishist, Jain and Hindu Art.

  0 टॉपिक

• Unit 3: Temples Sculpture, Bronzes and Indo-Islamic Architecture Artistic aspects of Indian Temples (6th Century A.D. to 13th Century A.D.)

  0 टॉपिक

• Unit 4: The Rajasthani and Pahari Schools of Miniature painting (16th Century A.D to 19thCentury A.D.)

  0 टॉपिक

• Unit 5 The Mughal and Deccan Schools of Miniature Painting (16th Century AD to 19thCentury A.D.)

  0 टॉपिक

• Unit 6 : The Bengal school and the Modern trends in Indian Art

  0 टॉपिक

• Physical Education Theory

  0 टॉपिक

• 1. Concept of Physical Education

  1 टॉपिक

• 2. Physiological aspects of physical education

  1 टॉपिक

• 3. Psychological Aspects of Physical Education

  1 टॉपिक

• 4. Physical Fitness and Wellness

  1 टॉपिक

• 5. Training Methods

  1 टॉपिक

• 6. Sociological Aspects of Physical Education

  3 टॉपिक

• 7. History of the game/sport (anyone game/sport of students choice)

  7 टॉपिक

• 8. Health Education

  1 टॉपिक

• 9. Communicable Diseases

  1 टॉपिक

• 10 Contemporary Health Problems

  2 टॉपिक

• 11 Health living

  1 टॉपिक

• 12 Family Health Education

  1 टॉपिक

• 13 Prevention and first aid for common sports injuries

  1 टॉपिक

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• (1) Circuit Fundamentals

  9 टॉपिक

  • Zero Reference Level
  • Chassis Ground
  • Ohm's Law
  • Formula Variations of Ohm's Law
  • Graphical Representation of Ohm's Law
  • Linear Resistor
  • Non-linear Resistor
  • Cells in Series and Parallel
  • Conventional Problems

• (2) Resistive Circuits

  19 टॉपिक

  • Series Circuit
  • Characteristics of a Series Circuit
  • The Case of Zero IR Drop
  • Polarity of IR Drops
  • Total Power
  • Series Aiding and Series Opposing Voltages
  • Proportional Voltage Formula in a Series Circuit Series Voltage Dividers
  • 'Opens in a Series Circuit
  • 'Shorts' in e Series Circuit
  • Parallel Circuits
  • Laws of Parallel Circuits Special Case of Equal Resistances in all Branches
  • Special Case of Only Two Branches Any Branch Resistance
  • Proportional Current Formula
  • 'Opens' in a Parallel Circuit
  • 'Shorts' in a Parallel Circuit
  • Series-Parallel Circuits Analyzing Series Parallel Circuits
  • 'Opens' in Series-Parallel Circuits 'Shorts' in SeriesParallel Circuits
  • Voltage Division in a Complex Series-Parallel Circuit
  • Conventional Problems

• (3) Kirchhoff's Laws

  5 टॉपिक

  • General
  • Kirchhoffs Current Law Kirchhoffs Voltage Law
  • Determination of Algebraic Sign
  • Assumed Direction of Current Flow
  • Conventional Problems

• (4) Network Theorems

  10 टॉपिक

  • General
  • Superposition Theorem
  • Ideal Constant-Voltage Source
  • Ideal Constant-current Source
  • Thevenin's Theorem
  • How to Thevenize a Circuit?
  • Norton's Theorem
  • How to Nortonise a Given Circuit
  • Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
  • Conventional Problems

• (5) Passive Circuit Elements

  48 टॉपिक

  • General
  • Resistors
  • Resistor Types
  • Wire-wound Resistors
  • Carbon Composition Resistors
  • Carbon Film Resistors
  • Cermet Film Resistors .Metal Film Resistors
  • Power Rating
  • Value Tolerance
  • Variable Resistors
  • Potentiometers and Rheostats
  • Fusible Resistors
  • Resistor Colour Code
  • Resistance Colour Bands
  • Resistors under Ten Ohm
  • Resistor Troubles
  • Checking Resistors with an Ohmmeter
  • Inductor
  • Comparison of Different Cores
  • Inductance of an Inductor
  • Another Definition of Inductance
  • Mutual Inductance
  • Coefficient of Coupling
  • Variable Inductors
  • Inductors in Series or Parallel without M
  • Series Combination with N
  • Stray Inductance
  • Energy Inductance
  • Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field
  • DC Resistance of a Coil
  • Troubles in Coils
  • Reactance Offered by a Coil
  • Impedance Offered by a Coil
  • Q-Factor of a Coil
  • Capacitors
  • Capacitor Connected to a Battery –Capacitance- Factors Controlling Capacitance '- Types of Capacitors
  • Fixed Capacitors
  • Variable Capacitors
  • Voltage Rating of Capacitors
  • Stray Circuit Capacitance Leakage Resistance
  • Capacitors in Series
  • Two Capacitors in Series Capacitor's in Parallel
  • Two Capacitors in Parallel
  • Energy stored in e Capacitor
  • Troubles in Capacitors
  • Checking Capacitors with Ohmmeter
  • Charging of a Capacitor
  • Capacitor Connected Across an AC Source Capacitive Reactance

• (6) Energy Sources

  15 टॉपिक

  • Primary and Secondary Cells
  • Cell and Battery
  • Voltage and Current of a Cells
  • Cell life
  • Different Types of Dry Cells
  • Carbon Zinc Cell Alkaline Cell
  • Manganese Alkaline Cell – NickelCadmium Cell
  • Mercury Cell
  • Silver Oxide Cell
  • Lead Cells
  • Battery Rating
  • Testing Dry Cells
  • Photoelectric Devices
  • Photovoltaic Cell
  • Solar Cell Conventional Problems

• (7) Magnetism and Electromagnetism

  13 टॉपिक

  • Magnetic Materials- Ferrites
  • Types of Magnets
  • Demagnetizing or Degaussing -Magnetic Shielding
  • Magnetic Terms and Units
  • Ohm's Law for Magnetic Circuit
  • Transformer
  • Transformer Working
  • Transformer Impedance
  • Can a Transformer Operate on DC ?
  • RF Shielding
  • Autotransformer
  • Impedance Matching
  • Conventional Problems

• (8) A.C. Fundamentals

  13 टॉपिक

  • Introduction
  • Types of Alternating Waveforms
  • The Basic AC Generator -Some Definitions
  • Characteristics of a Sine Wave
  • Audio an ,Radio Frequencies
  • Different Values of Sinusoidal Voltage and Current
  • Phase of an AC
  • Phase Difference
  • Vector Representation of an Alternating Quantity
  • AC Through Pure Resistance Only AC Through Pure Inductance Only
  • AC Through Pure Capacitance Only
  • Non-sinusoidal Waveforms
  • Harmonics -Conventional Problems

• (9) Series A.C. Circuits

  14 टॉपिक

  • R-L Circuit
  • Q Factor of a Coil
  • Skin Effect
  • IR C Circuit
  • Coupling Capacitor
  • R-L-C Circuit
  • Resonance in an R-L- C Circuit
  • Resonance Curve
  • Main Characteristics of Series Resonance
  • Bandwidth of a Tuned Circuit
  • Sharpness of Resonance
  • Tuning
  • Tuning Ratio
  • RaGio Tuning Dial- Parallel Resonance -Convectional Problem

• (10) Time Constant

  10 टॉपिक

  • Rise and Fall of Current In pure Resistance
  • Time :Constant at an R-L Circuit Circuit Conditions
  • Inductive Kick
  • Time Constant of an RC circuit
  • Charging and Discharging of a Capacitor Decreasing Time Constant
  • Flasher -: Puke Response of an RC Circuit
  • Effect of Large and Short Time Constants
  • Square voltage Wave Applied to Short A. RC Circuit
  • Square Voltage Wave Applied to Long A,'E.0 circuit
  • Conventional Problems

• (11) Timing Circuits and Filters

  18 टॉपिक

  • What-is. a Tuning Circuit ?
  • Tuned Circuit
  • Operating Characteristics of a Tuning Circuit
  • Resonance
  • Actual Series Resonance
  • Is it Series or Parallel Resonance ?
  • Tuned Transformers
  • Double Tuned Transformers
  • Parallel Circuit
  • Coupled Circuits – Simple Coupled Circuits
  • Coefficient of Coupling
  • Filters Filter Definitions
  • Types of Filter Circuits
  • Low-pass Filter – High pass Filter
  • Bandpass Filter – Band stop Filter
  • Multisection Filter Circuits
  • Uses of Fitters
  • Conventional Problems

• (12) Solid State Physics

  23 टॉपिक

  • Definition of Matter
  • Crystalline Solids
  • Unit Cell
  • arms of Matter
  • Atom and Molecule
  • Atomic Structure
  • Atomic Number (Z) Atomic mass Number (A)
  • Electron Orbits or shells
  • Electron Distribution of Different Atoms Electron Sub orbits or Subshells
  • Valence Electrons Orbital Energy
  • Normal, Excited and IonizedAtom
  • Orbital Energies in hyrogen Atom
  • Energy Levels in an Isolated At W- Energy Bands in Solids
  • Bonds in Solids
  • Valence and Conduction Bands
  • Conduction in Solids
  • Hole Formation and its Movement Conductors, Semiconductors and Insulators
  • Types of Semiconductors
  • Intrinsic Semiconductors Extrinsic Semiconductors
  • Majority and Minority Charge Carriers
  • Mobile Charge Carriers and Immobile Torts
  • Drift Current in Good Conductors Drift Current in Intrinsic Semiconductors
  • Intrinsic Conduction -Conventional Problems

• (13) The P-N Junction

  10 टॉपिक

  • The P-N Junction
  • Formation of Depletion Layer Junction or Barrier Voltage (V B)
  • Effect of Temperature on Barrier Voltage
  • Forward Biased P-N Junction
  • Forward VII Characteristics
  • Reverse Biased P-N Junction
  • ReMerse Saturation Current (Is or 10)
  • Reverse V/ I Characteristic Combined Forward and Reverse VII Characteristics
  • Junction Breakdown
  • Junction Capacitance

• (14) P-N Junction Diode

  12 टॉपिक

  • P-N Junction Diode
  • Diode Ratings or Specifications
  • Diode Testing The Ideal Diode -The Real Diode
  • Diode Circuits with DC and A Voltage Sources
  • Diode Fabrication- Grown Junction
  • Alloy Junction Diffused Junction Epitaxial Junction
  • Point ContactJunction
  • Clippers and Campers
  • Clippers
  • Some Clipping Circuits
  • Clampers Summary of Clamping Circuits
  • Conventional Problems Questions

• (15) Special Diode's

  8 टॉपिक

  • I Zener Diode
  • Voltage Regulation Zener Diode as Peak Clipper
  • Meter Protection – Tunneling Effect
  • Tunnel Diode
  • Tunnel Diode Oscillator Varactor
  • PIN Diode
  • Schottky Diode
  • Step Recovery Diode Thermistors -Conventional Problems

• (16) Optoelectronic Devices

  8 टॉपिक

  • Light Emitting Diode (LED)
  • Photoemissive Devices
  • Photomultiplier Tube
  • Photovoltaic Devices
  • Bulk Type Photoconductive Cells
  • Photodiodes -P-N Junction Photodiode
  • PIN Photodiode
  • Avalanche Photodiode

• (17) DC Power Supplies'

  32 टॉपिक

  • Introduction
  • Unregulated Power Supply
  • Regulated Power Supply Steady and Pulsating DC Voltages
  • Rectifiers Half-wave Rectifier Full-wave Rectifier
  • Full-wave Bridge Rectifier
  • Filters
  • Series Inductor Filter
  • Shunt Capacitor Filter
  • Effect of Increasing Filter Capacitance
  • LC Filter
  • The CLC or Pi Filter
  • Bleeder Resistor
  • Voltage Regulation Zener Diode Shunt Regulator
  • Transistor, Series Voltage Regulator
  • Controlled Transistor Series Regulator
  • Transistor Shunt Voltage Regulator Transistor Current Regulator
  • Voltage Dividers
  • Complete Power Supply
  • Voltage Multipliers
  • Half-wave Voltage Doubler
  • Full-wave Voltage Doubler
  • Voltage Tripler and Quadrupler Circuits
  • Troubleshooting Power Supplies
  • Controlled Rectification
  • Output Waveforms for Different Firing Angles
  • Output Voltage and Current Values in Controlled Rectifiers Average Values for FW Controlled Rectifier
  • Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR)
  • Pulse Control of SCR
  • 90° Phas- Control of SCR
  • 1800 Phase Contr,gi of SCR
  • SCR Controlled Circuit
  • U3T Controlled Circuit Conventional Problems

• (18) The Basic Transistor

  12 टॉपिक

  • The Bipolar Junction Transistor
  • Transistor Biasing -Important Biasing Rule
  • Transistor Currents
  • Summing Up
  • Transistor Circuit Configurations
  • CB Configuration
  • CE Configuration -Relations between a and 13
  • CC Configuration
  • Relations between Transistor Currents
  • Leakage Currents in a Transistor
  • Thermal Runaway
  • Conventional Problems

• (19) Transistor Characteristics and Approximations

  19 टॉपिक

  • Transistor Static Characteristics
  • Common Base Test Circuit
  • Common Base Static
  • Characteristics
  • Common Emitter Test Circuit
  • Common Emitter Static Characteristics
  • Common Collector Static Characteristics
  • Different Ways of Drawing 'Transistor Circuits
  • Common Base Formulas Common Emitter Formulas
  • Common Collector Formulas
  • The Beta Rule
  • Importance of Vce- Cut-off and Saturation Points
  • Normal DC Voltage Transistor Indications
  • Transistor Fault Location
  • Solving Universal Stabilization Circuit
  • Notation for Voltages and Currents
  • Increase / Decrease Notation
  • Applying AC to a DC Biased Transistor
  • Transistor AC/DC Analysis -Conventional problems

• (20) Load Lines and DC Bias Circuits

  17 टॉपिक

  • DC Load Line
  • Q-point and Maximum Undistorted Output
  • Need for Biasing a Transistor
  • Factors Affecting Bias Variations
  • Stability
  • Factor
  • Beta Sensitivity
  • Stability Factor for CB and OF Circuits
  • Different Methods for Transistor BiaSing
  • Base Bias
  • Base Bias with Emitter Feedback
  • Bate Bias with Collector Feedback
  • Base Bias with Collector and Emitter Feedbacks
  • Voltage Divider Bias
  • Load Line and Output Characteristics
  • AC Lmid Line
  • Conventional Problems'

• (21) Transistor Equivalent Circuits and Mode

  15 टॉपिक

  • General DC Equivalent Circuit
  • AC Equivalent Circuit -equivalent Circuit of a CB Amplifier -Effect of Source Resistance RS on Voltage Gain
  • Equivalent circuit of a CE Amplifier – Effect of Source Resistance RS
  • Equivalent Circuit of a CC Amplifier -Low-frequency Model or Representation
  • Genera
  • T-Model
  • Formulas for T- Equivalent of a CB Circuit
  • Equivalent of a CB Circuit
  • T- Equivalent of a CE Circuit What are h-parameters ?
  • The h-parameter Formulas for Notation for Transistors
  • The h-parameters of an Ideal Transistor -, The h-parameters of an Ideal CB Transistor
  • The h-parameters of an Idal CE, Transistor
  • Approximate Hybrid Equivalent Circuits Typical Values of Transistor h-parameters
  • Hybrid Formulas for Transistor Amplifier
  • Approximate Hybrid Formulas -Conventional Problems

• (22) Single- Stage Transistor Amplifiers

  1 टॉपिक

  • Classification of Amplifiers – Common Base (CB) Amplifier – Various Glans of a CB Amplifier- Characteristics of a CB Amplifier – Characteristics of a CE Amplifier – Common Collector (CC) Amplifier – Various Gains of a CC Amplifier – Characteristics of a CC Amplifier – Uses – Comparison of Amplifier Configurations –Amplifier Classification Based on Biasing Condition – Graphic Representation Class A Amplifiers – Power Distribution in a class A Amplifier – Power Rectangle – Power Efficiency Maximum AC Power in Load – Transformer-coupled, Class A Amplifier Class B Amplifier- Power Relations for Class B Operation – Maximum Values- Class –B Push –Pull Amplifier- Crossover Distortion – Power Efficiency of Push-Pull Amplifiers – Complementary Symmetry Push- Pull Class-B Amplifier – Class C Amplifier- Tuned Amplifier – Distortion in Amplifier – Non- linear Distortion- Intermodulation Distortion- Frequency Distortion – Phase or Delay Distortion – Noise

• (23) Multistage Amplifiers

  1 टॉपिक

  • General ‘--- Amplifier Coupling- RC-Coupled Two stage Amplifier – Advantages of RC Coupling } Impedance- Coupled Two –stage Amplifier- Advantages of Impedance Coupling – Transformer – coupled Two Stage Amplifier – Advantages of Transformer Cupling – Frequency Response – Applications – Direct- coupled Two- stage Amplifier Using Similar Transistors – Direct-coupled Amplifier Using Complementary Symmetry of Two Transistors – Darlington Pair –Advantages of Darlington Pair – Comparison between Darlington Pair and Emitter Follower – Special Features of a Differential Amplifier – Common Model Input – Differential Amplifier – Conventional problems

• (24) Decibels and Frequency Response

  15 टॉपिक

  • The Decibel System
  • Other Expressions for Power Gain
  • Voltage and Current Levels
  • Characteristics of the Decibel System
  • Value of I dB Zero Decibel Reference Level
  • Variations In Amplifier Gain with Frequency
  • Changes in Voltage and Power Levels
  • Causes of Gain Variation.: Miller Effect
  • Cut-off Frequencies of Cascaded Amplifiers
  • Transistor Cut-off Frequencies
  • Alpha Cut-off Frequency
  • Beta Cut-off :Frequency
  • The ft of a Transistor
  • Relation Between fa,fband ft Gain-Bandwidth Product
  • Conventional Problems

• (25) Feedback Amplifier

  1 टॉपिक

  • Feedback Amplifiers – Principal of Feedback Amplifiers – Advantages of Negative Feedback – Gain Stability – Decreased Distortion- Increased Bandwidth – Forms of Negative Feedback – Shunt- derived Series-fed Voltage Feedback – Current –Series Feedback Amplifier – Voltage-shunt Negative Feedback Amplifier – Current –shunt Negative Feedback Amplifier –Conventional Problems

• (26) Field Effect Transistor

  10 टॉपिक

  • What is a FET? Junction FET (JEFT) – Static Characteristics of a JFET – JFET Drain Characteristic with V GS = 0 –JFET Characteristic with External Bias – Transfer Characteristic – Small Signal JFET Parameters DC Biasing of a JFET –DC Load Line – Common Source JFET Amplifier
  • JEFF on an IC Chip
  • Advantages of FETs
  • MOSFET or IGFET DE MOSFET
  • Schematic Symbols for a DE MOSFET
  • Static Characteristics of a DE MOSFET
  • Enhancement only N-channel MOSFET Tr?risfer Characteristic
  • FETs as Switches
  • FET Applications
  • MOS-FET Handling

• (27) Breakdown Device's

  7 टॉपिक

  • What are Breakdown Devices ? Uni junction Transistor
  • UJT Relaxation Oscillator
  • Silicon Controlled Rectifier
  • C10° Phase Control
  • Theft Alarm
  • Triac -Diac
  • Silicon Controlled Switch (SCS)

• (28) Sinusoidal Oscillators

  22 टॉपिक

  • What is an Oscillator?
  • Comparison between an Amplifier and an Oscillator
  • Classification of Oscillators
  • Damped an Undamped Oscillations
  • The Oscillatory Circuit
  • Frequency of Oscillatory Current
  • Frequency Stability of an Oscillator
  • Essentials of a Feedback LC Oscillator
  • Tuned Base Oscillator
  • Tuned Collector Oscillator
  • Tuned Drain Oscillator (FET)
  • Hartley Oscillator
  • FET Hartley Oscillator
  • Colpitts Oscillator
  • Clapp Oscillator – FETColpitts Oscillator
  • Crystals
  • Crystal Controlled Oscillator
  • Transistor Pierce Crystal Oscillator
  • FET Pierce Oscillator
  • Phase Shift Principle
  • Phase Shift Oscillator
  • Wien Bridge Oscillator

• (29) Non sinusoidal Oscillators

  4 टॉपिक

  • Non sinusoidal Waveforms 't-Classification of Non sinusoidal Oscillators Pulse Definitions
  • Basic Requirements of a Sawtoo0 Generator -U3T Sawtooth Generator – Muiti vibrators (MV) – Uses of Multi vibrators
  • Astable Multi vibrator – Mono stable Multi vibrator (MMV) –Bi stable Multi vibrator (BMV)
  • Schmitt Trigger -Transistor Blocking Oscillator

• (30) Modulation and De Modulation

  34 टॉपिक

  • Introduction
  • What is a Carrier Wave?
  • Radio Frequency Spectrum Sound
  • Need for Modulation
  • Radio Broadcasting
  • Modulation Methods of Modulation
  • Amplitude Modulation
  • Per cent Modulation Upper and Lower Side Frequencies
  • Upper and Lower Sidebands
  • Mathematical Analysis of a Modulated Carrier Wave
  • Power Relations in an AM Wave
  • Forms of Amplitude Modulation
  • Generation of SSB
  • Methods of Amplitude Modulation
  • Block Diagram of an AM Transmitter
  • Modulating Amplifier Circuit
  • Frequency Modulation
  • Frequency Deviation and Carrier Swing
  • Modulation Index'-Deviation Ratio
  • Per cent Modulation
  • FM Sidebands ;- Modulation index and Number of Sidebands
  • Mathematical Expression for FM Wave
  • Demodulation or Detection
  • Essentials of AM Detection
  • Diode Detector for AM Signals
  • Transistor Detectors for AM Signals
  • FM Detection
  • Quadrature Detector
  • Frequency Conversion
  • Super heterodyne AM Receiver
  • FM Receiver
  • Comparison between AM and FM
  • The Four Fields of FM
  • Conventional Problems

• (31) Integrated Circuits

  26 टॉपिक

  • Introduction
  • What is an Integrated Circuit?
  • Advantages of ICs
  • Drawbacks of ICs
  • Scale of Integration
  • Classification of ICs by Structure Comparison between Different ICs -Classification of ICs by Function Linear Integrated Circuits (UCs)
  • Digital Integrated Circuits
  • IC Terminology
  • How Monolithic ICs are Made?
  • le Symbols
  • Fabrication of IC Components
  • Complete Monolithic Integrated Circuits
  • Popular Applications of ICs MOS Integrated Circuits
  • What is an OP-AMP? OP-AMP Symbol
  • Polarity Conventions
  • Ideal Operational Amplifier
  • Virtual Ground and Summing Point
  • Why Vi is Reduced to almost Zero?
  • OP-AMP Applications
  • Linear Amplifier
  • Unity Follower
  • Adder or Summer
  • Subtractor
  • Integrator
  • Differentiator
  • Comparator

• (32) Number Systems

  18 टॉपिक

  • Number of Systems -The Decimal Number System
  • Binary System Binary to Decimal Conversion
  • Binary Fractions
  • Double-D add Method
  • Decimal to Binary Conversion
  • Shifting the Place Point
  • Binary Operations
  • Binary Addition
  • Binary Subtraction
  • Complement of a Number
  • 1 is Complemental Subtraction
  • 2's Complemental Subtraction
  • Binary Multiplication
  • 8i4ry Division
  • Shifting a Number to Left or Right
  • Representation of Binary Numbers as Electrical Signals
  • Octal Number System
  • Octal to Decimal Conversion – Decimal to Octal Conversion – Binary to Octal Conversion – Octal to Binary Conversion – Advantages of Octal Number System, Hexadecimal Number System – How to Count beyond F in Hex Number System? --- Binary to Hexadecimal conversion – Hexadecimal to Binary Conversion – Conventional Problems

• (33) Logic Gates

  24 टॉपिक

  • Definition
  • Positive and Negative Logic
  • The OR Gate
  • Equivalent Relay Circuit of an OR Gate
  • Diode OR Gate
  • Transistor OR Gate OR Gate Symbolizes Logic Addition
  • Three Input OR Gate
  • Exclusive OR Gate
  • The AND Gate
  • Equivalent Relay Circuit of an AND Gate
  • Diode AND Gate — Transistor AND Circuit
  • AND Gate SymbolizesLogic Multiplication
  • The NOT Gate
  • Equivalent Circuits for a NOT Gate The NOT Operation ' Bubbled Gates The NOR Gate
  • NOR Gate is a Universal Gate
  • The NAND Gate
  • NAND sate is a Universal Gate The XNOR Gate
  • Logic Gates at a Glance
  • Adders and Subtractors Half Adder
  • Full Adder
  • Parallel Binary Adder
  • Half Subtractor
  • Full Subtractor
  • Conventional Problems

• (34) Boolean Algebra

  7 टॉपिक

  • Introduction
  • Unique Feature of Boolean Algebra
  • Lay of Boolean Algebra
  • Equivalent Switching Circuits
  • De Morgans Theorems
  • Duals
  • Conventional Problems

• (35) Logic Families

  8 टॉपिक

  • Main Logic Families Saturated and Non-saturated Logic Circuits
  • Characteristics of Logic Families
  • RTL Circuit
  • DTL Circuit -- '- TTL Circuits -TTL Subfamilies -ECL Circuit —I2L_ Circuit
  • MOS Family
  • PMOS Circuit
  • NMOS, Circuit
  • CMOS Circuit

• (36) Transducer

  21 टॉपिक

  • What is a Transducer?
  • Classification of Transducers Classification based on Electrical Principle Involved
  • Resistive Position Transducer
  • Resistive Pressure Transducer –-;-Inductive pressure Transducer
  • Capacitive Pressure Transducer
  • Self-generating Inductive Transducers
  • Linear Variable Differential Transformer (.VDT)
  • Piezoelectric Transducer
  • Strain Gauge Temperature Transducers
  • Resistance Temperature Detectors
  • Thermistor
  • Thermocouples
  • Ultrasonic Temperature Transducers
  • photoelectric Transducers
  • Various Types of Microphones
  • Carbon Microphone Ribbon Microphone
  • Moving-Coil (Me) Microphone
  • Crystal Microphone
  • Ceramic Microphone
  • Capacitor Microphone
  • The Electret Microphone The Loudspeaker

• (37) Electronic Instruments

  31 टॉपिक

  • Introduction
  • Analog and Digital Instruments
  • Function of Instruments
  • Electronic versus Electrical Instruments
  • Essentials of an Electronic Instrument
  • Measurement Standards
  • The Basic Meter Movement
  • Characteristics of Moving Coil Meter Movement
  • Variations of Basic Meter Movement
  • Converting Basic Meter to DC Ammeter – Multi range Meter
  • Measurement of Current
  • Converting Basic Meter to DC Voltmeter Multi range DC Voltmeter
  • Loading Effect of a Voltmeter
  • Ohmmeter The Multimeter
  • Rectifier Ty e AC Meter Electronic Voltmeters
  • The Direct Current VTVM
  • Comparison of VOM and VTVM
  • Direct Current PET VM
  • Electronic Voltmeter for Alternating Currents
  • The Digital Voltmeter (DVM) -Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO)
  • Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
  • Deflection Sensitivity f a CRT
  • Normal Operation of a CRO Triggered and Non-triggered Scopes
  • Dual Trace CRO
  • Dual Beam CRO
  • Storage Oscilloscope
  • Sampling CRO
  • Digital Readout CRO
  • Lissajous Figures
  • Frequency Determination with Lissajous Figures
  • Applications of a CRO

इस विषय के सभी 560 टॉपिक दिखाए गए हैं।कम टॉपिक दिखाएँ

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  6 टॉपिक

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  1 टॉपिक

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  1 टॉपिक

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  1 टॉपिक

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  24 टॉपिक

• Vocal Music

  0 टॉपिक

• Notation system, scales and study of Bio-graphics of Musicians

  35 टॉपिक

• History of Music and classification of Rags and Tals

  4 टॉपिक

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  4 टॉपिक

• History of Music and Classification of Ragas and Tals

  15 टॉपिक

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  5 टॉपिक

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  5 टॉपिक

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  5 टॉपिक

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  1 टॉपिक

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  15 टॉपिक

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  6 टॉपिक

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