HP Rajya Chayan Aayog Exams

• History, Principles and Foundation of Physical Education

  1 of 25 topics

  • Meaning, Definition and Scope of Physical Education

• Human Anatomy and Physiology

  1 of 21 topics

  • Introduction to anatomy and physiology in physical education

• Olympic Movement

  1 of 6 topics

  • Origin, philosophy, early history, development stages

• Yoga Education

  1 of 10 topics

  • Meaning, definition, aims, objectives

• Kinesiology and Biomechanics

  1 of 16 topics

  • Meaning, definition, importance

• SPORTS TRAINING

  1 of 14 topics

  • Meaning and Definition of Sports Training. Aim and Objectives of Sports Training

• SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGY

  1 of 17 topics

  • Meaning, Importance and scope of Educational and Sports Psychology

• Test, Measurement and Evaluation

  1 of 7 topics

  • Meaning, need, importance, principles

• Sports Medicine, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation

  1 of 11 topics

  • Meaning, aims, objectives, importance

• Health Education and Nutrition

  1 of 6 topics

  • Concept, meaning, scope, objectives, principles, need

• Exercise Physiology

  1 of 6 topics

  • Meaning, importance

• Sports and Games Specialisation

  1 of 4 topics

  • Measurement, skills, history, terminology of

• Research in Physical Education

  1 of 9 topics

  • Importance, classification, ethical issues

Showing 13 of 152 topics in this subject.Show all 152 topics →

• General knowledge

  1 topics

  • General Knowledge including General knowledge of HP

• Current Affairs

  0 topics

• Everyday Science

  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning

  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General Hindi (10th standard)

  0 topics

• Foundations & History of Physical Education

  1 of 19 topics

  • Foundations of Physical Education

• Sports Anatomy, Physiology & Exercise Sciences

  1 of 31 topics

  • Human Anatomy & Physiology

• Sports Psychology & Sociology

  1 of 19 topics

  • Sports Psychology

• Sports Training & Kinesiological Pedagogy

  1 of 24 topics

  • Principles of Sports Training

• Organization, Administration & Sports Medicine

  1 of 17 topics

  • Organization & Administration

• Rules, Officiating & Coaching of Games

  1 of 24 topics

  • History, Rules, Dimensions, Equipment, Officiating Signals & Fundamental Skills

Showing 6 of 134 topics in this subject.Show all 134 topics →

• General knowledge

  1 topics

  • General Knowledge including General knowledge of HP

• Current Affairs

  0 topics

• Everyday Science

  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning

  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General Hindi (10th standard)

  0 topics

• PHYSICS

  1 of 212 topics

  • Physical World and Measurements: Units and Measurements Need for measurement: Units of measurement

• CHEMISTRY

  1 of 239 topics

  • Basic Concepts of Chemistry: Importance and scope of Chemistry

• BIOLOGY

  1 of 167 topics

  • Diversity of Living Organisms: The Living World Biodiversity

Showing 3 of 618 topics in this subject.Show all 618 topics →

• General knowledge

  1 topics

  • General Knowledge including General knowledge of Himachal Pradesh

• Current Affairs

  0 topics

• Everyday Science

  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning

  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General Hindi (10th standard)

  0 topics

• Psychiatric Social Work

  1 of 48 topics

  • The Field of Psychiatric Social Work

• Psychiatry foundations and Diagnostic models

  1 of 43 topics

  • Development of psychiatry as a scientific discipline

• Psychiatric Social Work Research and Statistics

  1 of 39 topics

  • Psychiatric Social Work Research

Showing 3 of 130 topics in this subject.Show all 130 topics →

• General knowledge

  1 topics

  • General Knowledge including General knowledge of HP

• Current Affairs

  0 topics

• Everyday Science

  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning

  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General Hindi (10th standard)

  0 topics

• Human Anatomy and Physiology Relevant to Operation Theatre Practice

  1 of 11 topics

  • Gross anatomy and functions of the Skeletal System

• Applied Physics in relation to Anaesthesia

  1 of 14 topics

  • i) Energy: Thermometry

• Applied Microbiology in Operation Theatre Sterility and Infection Control

  1 of 25 topics

  • Sterilization and disinfection: types of disinfection

• Patient shifting and transportation

  1 of 4 topics

  • i) Pre-operative preparation of the patient

• Operation Theatre Equipment

  1 of 55 topics

  • Functions, Handling, and Care

• Basic Principles of Anaesthetic Drugs and Techniques

  1 of 26 topics

  • Intravenous Anaesthetic Agents

• Fundamentals of Surgical Techniques and Instrumentation

  1 of 37 topics

  • Handling of sterilized articles in the operation theatre. Introduction to the techniques of sterilization of surgical instruments and special equipment used in the operation theatre. Management of surgical equipment and techniques

• Advanced Surgical specialities

  1 of 22 topics

  • Procedures and Instruments

• Role of the OT Technician in Operation Theatre Preparation for Various Surgical Procedures

  1 of 10 topics

  • Preparation for Anaesthesia for surgical operations in General Surgery

• Principles of Blood Transfusion and Intravenous Fluid Therapy in the Operation Theatre

  1 of 6 topics

  • Different types of I.V. fluids, crystalloids and colloids (natural and synthetic), their chemical composition and their uses

• Critical Care and Intensive Care Unit

  1 of 2 topics

  • Internal Medicine in ICU, Mechanical Ventilation, Ventilator Modes

• ICU Monitoring and Equipment

  1 of 26 topics

  • ECG Monitoring

• ICU Ventilators

  1 of 2 topics

  • Various types of lung ventilators and their working principles

• Role of the OT Technician in Non-Operating Theatre Settings

  1 of 7 topics

  • Transport of a patient from the OT to the ICU for overnight monitoring and ventilation

• Fundamentals of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

  1 of 5 topics

  • Basic Life Support and related equipment: Basic and Advanced Cardiac Life Support in adults and paediatric patients. Resuscitation in the operating theatre

• Environmental Science and Biomedical Waste Management

  1 of 6 topics

  • Control of pollution in operation theatre, Air-conditioning and air flow in OT and ICU

• Operation Theatre Technicians

  1 of 5 topics

  • Ethics and Discipline

Showing 17 of 263 topics in this subject.Show all 263 topics →

• General knowledge

  1 topics

  • General Knowledge including General knowledge of HP

• Current Affairs

  0 topics

• Everyday Science

  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning

  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General Hindi (10th standard)

  0 topics

• ADVANCED SOCIAL WORK

  1 of 38 topics

  • THEORY, AND PRACTICE

• WORK WITH INDIVIDUALS AND FAMILIES

  1 of 38 topics

  • Principles and Components of Practice with Individuals and Families- Principles and components of practice with individuals and families

• MEDICAL INFORMATION FOR SOCIAL WORKERS

  1 of 33 topics

  • Foundations of Clinical Literacy: Overview of human anatomy and physiology of key organ systems (cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, endocrine, neurological)

• INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH SYSTEMS IN INDIA

  1 of 34 topics

  • Evolution of Health Systems in India: Bhore Committee (1946) and the development of the primary health-care model

• THE HOSPITAL SYSTEM AND INTERDISCIPLINARY PRACTICE

  1 of 36 topics

  • Introduction to Hospital System and Interdisciplinary Framework- Overview of the interdisciplinary approach to health and health services

• MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

  1 of 26 topics

  • Scope and Practice Functions of the Medical Social Worker: core functions and responsibilities of the MSW across institutional types - public

• RESEARCH METHODS

  1 of 24 topics

  • Quantitative Research - Processes and Steps: the research process: from conceptualization to report writing

• COUNSELING

  1 of 18 topics

  • Foundations of Counseling - Definition, nature, and goals of counseling

• HEALTH COMMUNICATION

  1 of 76 topics

  • INCLUSIVE AND CREATIVE APPROACHES

Showing 9 of 323 topics in this subject.Show all 323 topics →

• General knowledge

  1 topics

  • General Knowledge including General knowledge of HP

• Current Affairs

  0 topics

• Everyday Science

  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning

  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General Hindi (10th standard)

  0 topics

• Anatomy and Physiology of Human body

  1 of 84 topics

  • INTRODUCTION TO THE BODY AS A WHOLE

• Radiation Physics & Radiation Protection

  1 of 103 topics

  • Elementary Mathematics

• Radiography and Dark Room Techniques

  1 of 56 topics

  • The photographic process: Introduction, visible light, images, produced by radiation, light sensitive photography materials

• Basic Radiographic Techniques

  1 of 44 topics

  • Skull: Radiography of cranial bones, sella turcica, orbit, optic foramina, superior fissure and inferior orbital fissure

• Equipment for Radiodiagnosis Including Newer Development and Quality Control

  1 of 18 topics

  • Computed Radiography: principle and applications

• Radiological Procedures

  1 of 17 topics

  • Radiological procedures pertaining to salivary glands

Showing 6 of 322 topics in this subject.Show all 322 topics →

• General knowledge

  1 topics

  • General Knowledge including General knowledge of HP

• Current Affairs

  0 topics

• Everyday Science

  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning

  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General Hindi (10th standard)

  0 topics

• COMPUTER

  1 of 117 topics

  • FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

• MATHEMATICS

  1 of 57 topics

  • Number System

Showing 2 of 174 topics in this subject.Show all 174 topics →

• Introduction to Art

  1 of 3 topics

  • Meaning

• Elements and Principles of Art

  1 of 22 topics

  • Elements of Art: (i)Line (ii) Form (iii) Colour (iv)Tone (v) Space

• Concept of Beauty (Saundarya-shastra)

  1 of 3 topics

  • The Meaning, definition and scope of Indian aesthetics

• Materials used in Painting

  1 of 11 topics

  • Drawing Materials: Dry Media: Graphite pencils (varying hardness, e.g., 2H to 6B)

• Painting Materials

  1 of 11 topics

  • Paints: Watercolours

• Methods& Techniques of Drawing & Sketching

  1 of 2 topics

  • Hatching, Cross-Hatching, Stippling, Scumbling/Scribbling, Blending, etc

• Definition, Materials and Methods of Fresco and Mural Painting

  1 of 3 topics

  • Traditional materials and techniques

• Definition, Methods and techniques of Mosaic painting

  1 topics

  • Methods and Techniques of Tempera Painting. Methods and Techniques of Preparing Earth Colours

• Canvas Stretching and Preparation Techniques

  1 of 5 topics

  • Canvas Stretchers and the technique of stretching canvas on the

• Methods and Techniques of Painting

  1 topics

  • Methods and Techniques of Oil Painting, Methods and Techniques of Watercolour Painting Methods and Techniques of Acrylic Painting

• Mixed Media

  1 topics

  • Definition and Study of Materials, Techniques for making a mixed media artwork

• Prehistoric Indian art

  1 of 14 topics

  • Bhimbetka: Rock shelters (Madhya Pradesh): UNESCO World Heritage Site

• Introduction to Tribal & Folk Art

  1 of 6 topics

  • Tribal and folk art of India: Madhubani Painting (Bihar)

• Indus Valley Civilisation

  1 of 13 topics

  • Terracotta: Used extensively for pottery and figurines

• Maurya period

  1 of 3 topics

  • Ashoka pillars, Sanchi Stupa early stage

• Gupta sculpture and painting; Ajanta and Bagh caves; Early temple architecture

  0 topics

• Rajasthani Miniature painting

  1 of 3 topics

  • Kishangarhi school, Mewar school, Bundi school

• Transition to Modernism

  1 topics

  • Raja Ravi Verma, Bengal School and Abanindranath Tagore, Nandalal Bose, and Amrita Sher-Gil

• Indian Art Post-Independence

  1 topics

  • Jamini Roy, F. N. Souza, S. H. Raza, M. F. Husain, Ram Kumar, Sankho Chaudhury, D. P. Roy Chaudhuri

• Narrative, Symbolism & Experimental Art

  1 of 2 topics

  • Ganesh Pyne. V. S. Gaitonde, Tyeb Mehta

• Prehistoric Western Art

  1 of 3 topics

  • Palaeolithic cave paintings

• Classical Greek sculpture and architecture; Roman realism, portraiture, and public monuments

  0 topics

• Medieval art

  1 of 2 topics

  • Byzantine art, Early Christian art

• Classical revival and emotional expression

  1 of 3 topics

  • Leonard da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael

• Realism

  1 of 2 topics

  • Gustave Courbet, Rembrandt, Édouard Manet, Impressionism: Auguste Renoir, Claude Monet, Edgar Degas

• Early 20th Century Avant-Garde; Cubism

  1 of 3 topics

  • Pablo Picasso

Showing 24 of 119 topics in this subject.Show all 119 topics →

• General knowledge

  1 topics

  • General Knowledge including General knowledge of Himachal Pradesh

• Current Affairs

  0 topics

• Everyday Science

  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning

  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General Hindi (10th standard)

  0 topics

• Introduction to Art

  1 of 2 topics

  • Meaning, Concept, and Scope of Fine Art. Importance of Art in Life and Education. Aims and objectives of teaching

• Elements and Principles of Art

  1 of 21 topics

  • Elements of Art: (i)Line (ii) Form (iii) Colour (iv)Tone (v) Space (vi) Texture

• Concept of Beauty (Saundarya-shastra)

  1 of 3 topics

  • The Meaning, definition and scope of Indian aesthetics

• Materials used in Painting

  1 of 11 topics

  • Drawing Materials: Dry Media: Graphite pencils (varying hardness, e.g., 2H to 6B)

• Painting Materials

  1 of 11 topics

  • Paints: Watercolours

• Methods& Techniques of Drawing & Sketching

  1 of 2 topics

  • Hatching, Cross-Hatching, Stippling, Scumbling/Scribbling, Blending, etc

• Definition, Materials and Methods of Fresco and Mural Painting

  1 of 3 topics

  • Traditional materials and techniques

• Definition, Methods and techniques of Mosaic painting

  1 topics

  • Methods and Techniques of Tempera Painting. Methods and Techniques of Preparing Earth Colours

• Canvas Stretching and Preparation Techniques

  1 of 3 topics

  • Canvas Stretchers and the technique of stretching canvas on the frame. Preparation of Canvas: (i) Under–priming or Sizing (ii) Casein size (iii) Fish–glue size. Types of Priming or Ground: (i) Oil ground

• Methods and Techniques of Painting

  1 topics

  • Methods and Techniques of Oil Painting, Methods and Techniques of Watercolour Painting Methods and Techniques of Acrylic Painting

• Mixed Media

  1 topics

  • Definition and Study of Materials, Techniques for making a mixed media artwork

• Prehistoric Indian art

  1 of 13 topics

  • Bhimbetka: Rock shelters (Madhya Pradesh): UNESCO World Heritage Site

• Introduction to Tribal & Folk Art

  1 of 6 topics

  • Tribal and folk art of India: Madhubani Painting (Bihar)

• Indus Valley Civilisation

  1 of 13 topics

  • Terracotta: Used extensively for pottery and figurines

• Maurya period

  1 of 3 topics

  • Ashoka pillars, Sanchi Stupa early stage

• Gupta sculpture and painting; Ajanta and Bagh caves; Early temple architecture

  0 topics

• Rajasthani Miniature painting

  1 of 3 topics

  • Kishangarhi school, Mewar school, Bundi school

• Transition to Modernism

  1 topics

  • Raja Ravi Verma, Bengal School and Abanindranath Tagore, Nandalal Bose, and Amrita Sher-Gil

• Indian Art Post-Independence

  1 topics

  • Jamini Roy, F. N. Souza, S. H. Raza, M. F. Husain, Ram Kumar, Sankho Chaudhury, D. P. Roy Chaudhuri

• Narrative, Symbolism & Experimental Art

  1 of 2 topics

  • Ganesh Pyne. V. S. Gaitonde, Tyeb Mehta

• Prehistoric Western Art

  1 of 3 topics

  • Palaeolithic cave paintings

• Classical Greek sculpture and architecture; Roman realism, portraiture, and public monuments

  0 topics

• Medieval art

  1 of 2 topics

  • Byzantine art, Early Christian art

• Classical revival and emotional expression

  1 of 3 topics

  • Leonard da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael

• Realism

  1 of 2 topics

  • Gustave Courbet, Rembrandt, Édouard Manet, Impressionism: Auguste Renoir, Claude Monet, Edgar Degas

• Early 20th Century Avant-Garde; Cubism

  1 of 3 topics

  • Pablo Picasso

Showing 24 of 114 topics in this subject.Show all 114 topics →

• General knowledge

  1 topics

  • General Knowledge including General knowledge of Himachal Pradesh

• Current Affairs

  0 topics

• Everyday Science

  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning

  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General Hindi (10th standard)

  0 topics

• EMERGENCE AND PARADIGMS OF PSYCHOLOGY

  1 of 6 topics

  • Development of Eastern and Western Psychological thoughts

• RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND STATISTICS

  1 of 15 topics

  • Research Foundations

• PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING

  1 of 5 topics

  • Test Construction: Item writing and Item analysis

• BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR

  1 of 7 topics

  • Sensation, Sensory processes and receptor mechanisms

• COGNITIVE PROCESSES

  11 topics

• THINKING, INTELLIGENCE AND CREATIVITY

  8 topics

• PERSONALITY

  3 topics

• MOTIVATION AND EMOTION

  4 topics

• SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

  6 topics

• HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

  3 topics

• PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND INTERVENTIONS

  11 topics

• EMERGING AREAS IN PSYCHOLOGY

  11 topics

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• SUBJECTS OF 01 YEAR B.Ed

  7 topics

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• General knowledge

  1 topics

• Current Affairs

  0 topics

• Everyday Science

  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning

  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General Hindi (10th standard)

  0 topics

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• Basic Concepts of Hindustani Classical Music

  62 topics

• Analytical Study of Hindustani Classical Music

  5 topics

• General Knowledge of Different Musical Style

  16 topics

• Detailed Study of Time Theory of Ragas

  6 topics

• Classification of Ragas in Hindustani Music

  10 topics

• Origin and Development of the Gharana /Baaz System in Hindustani Music

  5 topics

• The concepts of Raag Dhyana, Rasa Sidhant and Aesthetics in Hindustani Music

  6 topics

• History of Indian Classical Music

  3 topics

• Folk Culture of Himachal Pradesh

  16 topics

• Biographies and Contribution of Musicians and Musicologists in Indian Music

  37 topics

• Classical Dance & Folk Tradition in Indian Music

  3 topics

• Detailed & Comparative Study of Following Ragas and Taals

  55 topics

• Detailed study of the following Music Granthas

  18 topics

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• SUBJECTS OF 01 YEAR B.Ed

  7 topics

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• General knowledge

  1 topics

• Current Affairs

  0 topics

• Everyday Science

  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning

  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General Hindi (10th standard)

  0 topics

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• CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

  46 topics

• COMPARATIVE POLITICS

  6 topics

• POLITICAL THEORY

  6 topics

• INDIAN POLITICAL THOUGHT

  11 topics

• COMPARATIVE POLITICAL ANALYSIS

  24 topics

• INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

  29 topics

• INDIA’S FOREIGN POLICY

  23 topics

• POLITICAL PROCESSES IN INDIA

  16 topics

• GOVERNANCE AND PUBLIC POLICY IN INDIA

  30 topics

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• SUBJECTS OF 01 YEAR B.Ed

  7 topics

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• General knowledge

  1 topics

• Current Affairs

  0 topics

• Everyday Science

  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning

  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General Hindi (10th standard)

  0 topics

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• INTRODUCING SOCIOLOGY

  5 topics

• THE ELEMENTS OF SOCIETY

  227 topics

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• SUBJECTS OF 01 YEAR B.Ed

  7 topics

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• General knowledge

  1 topics

• Current Affairs

  0 topics

• Everyday Science

  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning

  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General Hindi (10th standard)

  0 topics

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• BUSINESS ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT

  68 topics

• BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT

  32 topics

• MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS

  60 topics

• ACCOUNTING

  117 topics

• STATISTICS ANALYSIS AND RESERCH METHODOLOGY

  63 topics

• TAXATION PLANNING AND ADMINISTRATION

  25 topics

• LEGAL FRAMEWORK

  96 topics

• HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

  27 topics

• MARKETING MANAGEMENT

  78 topics

• FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

  45 topics

• CORPORATE GOVERNANCEANDBUSINESSETHICS

  31 topics

• FINANCIALINSTITUTIONSANDMARKETS

  33 topics

• STOCK MARKET OPERATIONS

  22 topics

• E-COMMERCE, DIGITAL MARKETING AND COMPUTER APPLICATIONIN BUSINESS

  66 topics

• ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT

  23 topics

• STRATEGICMANAGEMENTANDBUSINESSPOLICY

  69 topics

• SECURITY ANALYSIS & PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT

  12 topics

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• SUBJECTS OF 01 YEAR B.Ed

  7 topics

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• General knowledge

  1 topics

• Current Affairs

  0 topics

• Everyday Science

  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning

  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General Hindi (10th standard)

  0 topics

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• Administrative Theory

  12 topics

• Indian Administration

  23 topics

• Administrative Thinkers

  10 topics

• Development Administration

  7 topics

• Financial Administration

  8 topics

• Local Government in India

  9 topics

• Administrative and constitutional aspects of Himachal Pradesh

  16 topics

• Administrative History & Structure

  15 topics

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• SUBJECTS OF 01 YEAR B.Ed

  7 topics

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• General knowledge

  1 topics

• Current Affairs

  0 topics

• Everyday Science

  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning

  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General Hindi (10th standard)

  0 topics

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• MECHANICS

  71 topics

• ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

  87 topics

• WAVES AND OPTICS

  83 topics

• THERMAL AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS

  73 topics

• QUANTUM MECHANICS

  61 topics

• SOLID STATE PHYSICS

  77 topics

• ELECTRONICS

  99 topics

• NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS

  71 topics

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• SUBJECTS OF 01 YEAR B.Ed

  7 topics

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• General knowledge

  1 topics

• Current Affairs

  0 topics

• Everyday Science

  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning

  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General Hindi (10th standard)

  0 topics

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• ANCIENT HISTORY

  75 topics

• MEDIEVAL INDIA

  72 topics

• MODERN INDIA

  105 topics

• WORLD HISTORY

  28 topics

• HISTORY OF HIMACHAL PRADESH

  22 topics

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• SUBJECTS OF 01 YEAR B.Ed

  7 topics

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• General knowledge

  1 topics

• Current Affairs

  0 topics

• Everyday Science

  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning

  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General Hindi (10th standard)

  0 topics

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• MICRO ECONOMICS

  44 topics

• MACRO ECONOMICS

  28 topics

• Indian Economy

  19 topics

• Economy of Himachal Pradesh

  18 topics

• Statistics for Economists

  23 topics

• International Economics

  11 topics

• Money and Banking

  17 topics

• Public Finance

  24 topics

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• SUBJECTS OF 01 YEAR B.Ed

  7 topics

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• General knowledge

  1 topics

• Current Affairs

  0 topics

• Everyday Science

  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning

  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General Hindi (10th standard)

  0 topics

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• BOTANY

  100 topics

• ZOOLOGY

  69 topics

• COMMON COURSES IN BOTANY AND ZOOLOGY

  125 topics

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• SUBJECTS OF 01 YEAR B.Ed

  7 topics

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• General knowledge

  1 topics

• Current Affairs

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• Everyday Science

  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning

  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General Hindi (10th standard)

  0 topics

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• INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

  111 topics

• ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

  171 topics

• PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

  111 topics

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• SUBJECTS OF 01 YEAR B.ED

  7 topics

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• General knowledge

  1 topics

• Current Affairs

  0 topics

• Everyday Science

  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning

  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General Hindi (10th standard)

  0 topics

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• Geography as a Discipline

  6 topics

• Basics in Geography

  3 topics

• The Earth

  5 topics

• Earth Movements

  3 topics

• Origin of Continents and Ocean Basins

  3 topics

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  3 topics

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  3 topics

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  4 topics

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  6 topics

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  9 topics

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  7 topics

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  12 topics

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  6 topics

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• Fundamentals of Remote Sensing

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• SUBJECTS OF 01 YEAR B.Ed

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• General knowledge

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• COMPUTER NETWORKS

  15 topics

• INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND WEB PAGE DESIGN

  61 topics

• DATA STRUCTURE & ALGORITHMS

  16 topics

• OPERATING SYSTEMS

  13 topics

• DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

  20 topics

• SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

  10 topics

• COMPUTER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

  34 topics

• ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)

  34 topics

• OFFICE AUTOMATION TOOLS

  34 topics

• COMPUTERS FUNDAMENTALS AND PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNIQUES Introduction

  28 topics

• PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

  42 topics

• SOCIETY, LAW AND ETHICS

  15 topics

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  29 topics

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• SUBJECTS OF 01 YEAR B.Ed

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• CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

  10 topics

• BASIC SURVEYING

  6 topics

• MECHANICS OF MATERIALS

  12 topics

• BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

  8 topics

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  9 topics

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  12 topics

• HYDRAULICS

  9 topics

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  6 topics

• BUILDING PLANNING & DRAWING

  28 topics

• TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING

  8 topics

• DESIGN OF RCC STRUCTURES

  11 topics

• ESTIMATING & COSTING

  10 topics

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  12 topics

• PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING

  5 topics

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  5 topics

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  6 topics

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  4 topics

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  6 topics

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  6 topics

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  6 topics

• SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

  4 topics

• RAILWAYS, BRIDGES AND TUNNELS

  31 topics

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• SUBJECTS AS PER ESSENTIAL QUALIFICATION

  9 topics

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• SUBJECTS AS PER ESSENTIAL QUALIFICATION

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• FORENSIC SCIENCE & DIGITAL FORENSICS

  136 topics

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  59 topics

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• FORENSICS

  63 topics

  • History and development of Forensic Science: Forensic Science definition
  • Specific contribution of scientists in the field of Forensic Science. Development of Forensic Science in India. National and international scenario of teaching and research institution in Forensic Science
  • Basic of Forensic Science: Introduction
  • Definition
  • need
  • signification and scope of Forensic Science. Principles of Forensic Science
  • Locard's exchange principle
  • law of natural variation
  • law of comparison
  • law of probability
  • and law of indivualisation. Domains in Forensic Science: Forensic Biology
  • Forensic Toxicology
  • Forensic Physics
  • Forensic Photography
  • Ballistics
  • Fingerprint
  • Questioned Documents
  • Forensic Psychology
  • Forensic Anthropology
  • Wild life Forensic
  • DNA profiling
  • Computer Forensic etc
  • Functions of Forensic Scientist
  • Police officers
  • Prosecution
  • Judicial Officers and Medico legal expert etc. Ethical issue in Forensic Science: Definition of ethics
  • professional standards for practice of Criminalistics
  • sanction against expert for unethical conduct. Frye standard and Daubart standard
  • Organization set up of Forensic Science Laboratory: Structure and function of State and regional Forensic Science Laboratory
  • Central Forensic Science Laboratory
  • FBI and facilities provided
  • Mobile Forensic Science Laboratory and Directorate of Forensic Science Services. Police and Forensic scientist relationship
  • role of FSL in criminal investigation
  • relationship between forensic expert and judiciary officer
  • Importance of FSL
  • National and International scenario of FSL
  • facilities provided in forensic science laboratory. Ethical issue in FSLs
  • Crime scene investigation and management: Definition of crime scene
  • crimes without scene. Duties of crime scene investigator
  • processing of scene of crime: plan of action
  • protection of scene of crime
  • photography and video recording
  • documentation of crime scene and forwarding or dispatch of exhibit in to the laboratory. Classification of crime scene: indoor & outdoor
  • primary & secondary crime scene and search methods. Significance of crime scene
  • chain of custody and integrity of physical evidence. Standard operating instructions for collection of physical evidences and digital evidence from scene of crime and hash value. Definition of physical evidence
  • classification of physical evidence
  • types of physical evidences
  • sources of physical evidence
  • signification and value of physical evidence
  • linkage between crime scene
  • victim and criminal
  • Quality Management System (QMS): ISO/IEC 17025 Standards
  • ISO 9001 Standards
  • NABL (National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories) accreditation
  • certification
  • calibration
  • proficiency testing
  • Blind testing
  • inter and intra laboratory comparison
  • internal audit
  • uncertainty measurements
  • limit of detection (LOD)
  • and limit of quantification

• ZOOLOGY

  292 topics

  • ANIMAL DIVERSITY: Kingdom Protista: General characters and classification up to classes
  • Locomotory Organelles and locomotion in Protozoa
  • Phylum Porifera: General characters and classification up to classes
  • Canal System in Sycon
  • Phylum Cnidaria :General characters and classification up to classes
  • Polymorphism in Hydrozoa
  • Phylum Platyhelminthes: General characters and classification up to classes
  • Life history of Taenia solium
  • Phylum Nemathelminthes : General characters and classification up to classes
  • Life history of Ascaris lumbricoides and its parasitic adaptations
  • Phylum Annelida: General characters and classification up to classes
  • Metamerism in Annelida
  • Phylum Arthropoda: General characters and classification up to classes
  • Vision in Arthropoda, Metamorphosis in Insects
  • Phylum Mollusca: General characters and classification up to classes
  • Torsion in gastropods
  • Phylum Echinodermata: General characters and classification up to classes
  • Water-vascular system in Asteroidea
  • Protochordates: General features and Phylogeny of Protochordata
  • Agnatha: General features of Agnatha and classification of cyclostomes up to classes
  • Pisces :General features and Classification up to orders
  • Osmoregulation in Fishes
  • Amphibia : General features and Classification up to orders
  • Parental care
  • Reptiles: General features and Classification up to orders
  • Poisonous and non-poisonous snakes, Biting mechanism in snakes
  • General features and Classification up to orders
  • Flight adaptations in birds
  • Mammals: Classification up to orders
  • Origin of mammals
  • COMPARATIVE ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY OF VERTEBRATES: Integumentary System Derivatives of integument w.r.t. glands and digital tips
  • Skeletal System: Evolution of visceral arches
  • Digestive System: Brief account of alimentary canal and digestive glands
  • Respiratory System : Brief account of Gills, lungs, air sacs and swim bladder
  • Circulatory System: Evolution of heart and aortic arches
  • Urinogenital System: Succession of kidney, Evolution of urinogenital ducts
  • Nervous System: Comparative account of brain
  • Sense Organs: Types of receptors
  • Early Embryonic Development: Gametogenesis: Spermatogenesis and oogenesis w.r.t. mammals, vitellogenesis in birds
  • Fertilization: external (amphibians), internal (mammals), blocks to polyspermy
  • Early development of frog and humans (structure of mature egg and its membranes, patterns of cleavage, fate map, up to formation of gastrula)
  • types of morphogenetic movements
  • Fate of germ layers
  • Late Embryonic Development : Implantation of embryo in humans
  • Formation of human placenta and functions
  • other types of placenta on the basis of histology
  • cell movements and cell death
  • PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY: Nerve and muscle: Structure of a neuron
  • Resting membrane potential
  • Graded potential
  • Origin of Action potential and its propagation in myelinated and non-myelinated nerve fibres
  • Ultrastructure of skeletal muscle
  • Molecular and chemical basis of muscle contraction
  • Late Embryonic Development: Implantation of embryo in humans
  • Metamorphic events in frog life cycle and its hormonal regulation.Protein metabolism: Transamination, Deamination and Urea Cycle
  • Enzymes: Introduction, Mechanism of action, Inhibition and Regulation
  • GENETICS AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY: Introduction to Genetics: Mendel’s work on transmission of traits
  • Genetic Variation
  • Molecular basis of Genetic Information. Mendelian Genetics and its Extension: Principles of Inheritance
  • Chromosome theory of inheritance
  • Incomplete dominance and co-dominance
  • Multiple alleles
  • Lethal alleles
  • Epistasis
  • Pleiotropy
  • sex linked inheritance
  • extra- chromosomal inheritance. Linkage
  • Crossing Over and Chromosomal Mapping: Linkage and crossing over
  • Recombination frequency as a measure of linkage intensity
  • two factor and three factor crosses
  • Interference and coincidence. Mutations: Chromosomal Mutations: Deletion
  • Duplication
  • Inversion
  • Translocation
  • Aneuploidy and Polyploidy
  • Gene mutations: Induced versus Spontaneous mutations
  • Back versus Suppressor mutations
  • Sex Determination: Chromosomal mechanisms
  • dosage compensation
  • History of Life: Major Events in History of Life
  • Introduction to Evolutionary Theories Lamarckism, Darwinism, Neo- Darwinism
  • Direct Evidences of Evolution: Types of fossils
  • Incompleteness of fossil record
  • Dating of fossils
  • Phylogeny of horse. Processes of Evolutionary Change: Organic variations
  • Isolating Mechanisms
  • Natural selection (Example: Industrial melanism)
  • Types of natural selection (Directional, Stabilizing, Disruptive)
  • Artificial selection. Species Concept Biological species concept (Advantages and Limitations)
  • Modes of speciation (Allopatric, Sympatric). Macro-evolution: Macro- evolutionary Principles (example: Darwin’s Finches). Extinction: Mass extinction (Causes, Names of five major extinctions)
  • Role of extinction in evolution
  • APPLIED ZOOLOGY: Introduction to Host-parasite Relationship: Host
  • Definitive host
  • Intermediate host
  • Parasitism
  • Symbiosis
  • Commensalism
  • Reservoir
  • Zoonosis. Epidemiology of Diseases: Transmission
  • Prevention and control of diseases: Tuberculosis
  • Borrelia recurrentis and Treponema pallidum
  • Parasitic Protozoa: Life history and pathogenicity of Entamoeba histolytica
  • Plasmodium vivax and Trypanosoma gambiense. Parasitic Helminthes: Life history and pathogenicity of Ancylostoma duodenale and Wuchereria bancrofti. Insects of Economic Importance: Biology
  • Control and damage caused by Helicoverpa armigera
  • Pyrilla perpusilla and Papilio demoleus
  • Callosobruchus chinensis
  • Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum. Insects of Medical Importance: Medical importance and control of Pediculus humanus corporis
  • Anopheles
  • Culex
  • Aedes
  • Xenopsylla cheopis. Animal Husbandry: Preservation and artificial insemination in cattle
  • Induction of early puberty and synchronization of estrus in cattle. Poultry Farming: Principles of poultry breeding
  • Management of breeding stock and broilers
  • Processing and preservation of eggs. Fish Technology: Genetic improvements in aquaculture industry
  • Induced breeding and transportation of fish see
  • ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY: Introduction Concept and scope of biotechnology
  • Molecular Techniques in Gene manipulation Cloning vectors: Plasmids
  • Cosmids
  • Phagemids
  • Lambda Bacteriophage
  • M13
  • BAC
  • YAC
  • MAC and Expression vectors (characteristics) Restriction enzymes: Nomenclature
  • detailed study of Type II Transformation techniques: Calcium chloride method and electroporation. Construction of genomic and cDNA libraries and screening by colony and plaque hybridization Southern
  • Northern and Western blotting
  • DNA sequencing: Sanger method Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • DNA Finger Printing and DNA micro array. Genetically Modified Organisms Production of cloned and transgenic animals: Nuclear Transplantation
  • Retroviral Method
  • DNA microinjection Applications of transgenic animals: Production of pharmaceuticals
  • production of donor organs
  • knockout mice. Production of transgenic plants: Agrobacterium mediated transformation. Applications of transgenic plants: insect and herbicide resistant
  • plants. Culture Techniques and Applications: Animal cell culture
  • Expressing cloned genes in mammalian cells
  • Molecular diagnosis of genetic diseases (Cystic fibrosis, Sickle cell anemia)
  • Recombinant DNA in medicines: Recombinant insulin and human growth hormone
  • Gene therapy
  • AQUATIC BIOLOGY: Aquatic Biomes: Brief introduction of the aquatic biomes: Freshwater ecosystem (lakes, wetlands, streams and rivers)
  • estuaries
  • intertidal zones
  • oceanic pelagic zone
  • marine benthic zone and coral reefs. Freshwater Biology Lakes: Origin and classification
  • Lake as an Ecosystem
  • Lake morphometry
  • Physico–chemical Characteristics: Light
  • Temperature
  • Thermal stratification
  • Dissolved Solids
  • Carbonate
  • Bicarbonates
  • Phosphates and Nitrates
  • Turbidity
  • dissolved gases (Oxygen, Carbon dioxide). Nutrient Cycles in Lakes-Nitrogen
  • Sulphur and Phosphorous. Streams: Different stages of stream development
  • Physico-chemical environment
  • Adaptation of hill-stream fishes. Marine Biology: Salinity and density of Sea water
  • Continental shelf
  • Adaptations of deep sea organisms
  • Coral reefs
  • Industrial
  • Sewage
  • Thermal and Oil spills
  • Eutrophication
  • Management and conservation (legislations)
  • Sewage treatment Water quality assessment- BOD and COD
  • INSECT
  • VECTORS AND DISEASES: Introduction to Insects General Features of Insects
  • Morphological features
  • Head – Eyes
  • Types of antennae
  • Mouth parts w.r.t. feeding habits. Insects as Vectors Classification of insects up to orders
  • detailed features of orders with insects as vectors – Diptera
  • Siphonaptera
  • Siphunculata
  • Hemiptera. Dipteran as Disease Vectors: Dipterans as important insect vectors – Mosquitoes
  • Sand fly
  • Houseflies
  • Study of mosquito-borne diseases – Malaria, Dengue, Chikungunya, Viral encephalitis, Filariasis
  • Control of mosquitoes Study of sand fly-borne diseases – Visceral Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Phlebotomus fever
  • Control of Sand fly Study of house fly as important mechanical vector
  • Myiasis
  • Control of house fly. Siphonaptera as Disease Vectors: Fleas as important insect vectors
  • Host-specificity, Study of Flea-borne diseases – Plague, Typhus fever
  • Control of fleas. Siphunculata as Disease Vectors: Human louse (Head, Body and Pubic louse) as important insect vectors
  • Study of louse-borne diseases –Typhus fever, Relapsing fever, Trench fever, Vagabond’s disease, Phthiriasis
  • Control of human louse. Hempitera as Disease Vectors: Bugs as insect vectors
  • Blood-sucking bugs
  • Chagas disease, Bed bugs as mechanical vectors,Control and prevention measures
  • IMMUNOLOGY: Overview of the Immune System: Introduction to basic concepts in immunology
  • components of immune system
  • principles of innate and adaptive immune system. Cells and Organs of the Immune System: Haematopoeisis
  • Cells of immune system and organs (primary and second dary lymphoid organs) of the immune system. Antigens: Basic properties of antigens
  • B and T cell epitopes
  • haptens and adjuvants. Antibodies: Structure
  • classes and function of antibodies
  • monoclonal antibodies
  • antigen antibody interactions as tools for research and diagnosis. Working of the immune system Structure and functions of MHC
  • exogenous and endogenous pathways of antigen presentation and processing
  • Basic properties and functions of cytokines
  • Complement system: Components and pathways. Immune system in health and disease: Gell and Coombs’ classification and brief description of various types of hypersensitivities
  • Introduction to concepts of autoimmunity and immunodeficiency. Vaccines: General introduction to vaccines
  • Various types of vaccines
  • REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY: Reproductive Endocrinology: Gonadal hormones and mechanism of hormone action
  • steroids
  • glycoprotein hormones
  • and prostaglandins
  • hypothalamo – hypophyseal – gonadal axis
  • regulation of gonadotrophin secretion in male and female
  • Reproductive System: Development and differentiation of gonads
  • genital ducts
  • external genitalia
  • mechanism of sex differentiation. Functional anatomy of male reproduction: Outline and histological of male reproductive system in rat and human
  • Spermatogenesis: kinetics and hormonal regulation
  • Androgen synthesis and metabolism
  • Epididymal function and sperm maturation
  • Accessory glands functions
  • Sperm transportation in male tract. Functional anatomy of female reproduction: Outline and histological of female reproductive system in rat and human
  • Ovary: folliculogenesis, ovulation, corpus luteum formation and regression
  • Steroidogenesis and secretion of ovarian hormones
  • Reproductive cycles (rat and
  • human) and their regulation, changes in the female tract
  • Ovum transport in the fallopian tubes
  • Sperm transport in the female tract, fertilization
  • Hormonal control of implantation
  • Hormonal regulation of gestation, pregnancy diagnosis, foeto – maternal relationship
  • Mechanism of parturition and its hormonal regulation
  • Lactation and its regulation. Reproductive Health: Infertility in male and female: causes, diagnosis and management
  • Assisted Reproductive Technology: sex selection, sperm banks, frozen embryos, in vitro fertilization, ET, EFT, IUT, ZIFT, GIFT, ICSI, PROST
  • Modern contraceptive technologies
  • Demographic terminology used in family planning
  • MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS: Introduction to Medical Diagnostics and its Importance. Diagnostics Methods Used for Analysis of Blood: Blood composition
  • Preparation of blood smear and Differential Leucocyte Count (D.L.C) using Leishman's stain
  • Platelet count using haemocytometer
  • Erythrocyte Sedimentary Rate (E.S.R)
  • Packed Cell Volume (P.C.V.). Diagnostic Methods Used for Urine Analysis: Physical characteristics
  • Abnormal constituents. Non -infectious Diseases: Causes
  • types
  • symptoms
  • complications
  • diagnosis and prevention of Diabetes (Type I and Type II)
  • Hypertension (Primary and secondary)
  • Testing of blood glucose using Glucometer/Kit. Infectious Diseases: Causes
  • diagnosis and prevention of Tuberculosis and Hepatitis. Tumours: Types (Benign/Malignant)
  • Detection and metastasis
  • Medical imaging: X-Ray of Bone fracture, PET, MRI and CT Scan (using photographs)
  • APICULTURE: Biology of Bees: History, Classification and Biology of Honey Bees Social Organization of Bee Colony
  • Rearing of Bees: Artificial Bee rearing (Apiary)
  • Beehives – Newton and Langstroth Bee Pasturage Selection of Bee Species for Apiculture Bee Keeping Equipment Methods of Extraction of Honey (Indigenous and Modern)
  • Diseases and Enemies: Bee Diseases and Enemies Control and Preventive measures
  • Bee Economy: Products of Apiculture: Industry and its Uses (Honey, Bees Wax, Propolis)
  • Pollen Etc. Entrepreneurship in Apiculture Bee Keeping Industry – Recent Efforts
  • Modern Methods in employing artificial Beehives for cross pollination in horticultural gardens
  • SERICULTURE: Introduction: Sericulture: Definition, history and present status
  • Silk route Types of silkworms, Distribution and Races Exotic and indigenous races Mulberry and non-mulberry Sericulture
  • Biology of Silkworm : Life cycle of Bombyx mori Structure of silk gland and secretion of silk
  • bleaching powder
  • RKO Silkworm rearing technology: Early age and Late age rearing Types of mountages Spinning
  • harvesting and storage of cocoons
  • Pests and Diseases: Pests of silkworm: Uzi fly
  • dermestid beetles and vertebrates Pathogenesis of silkworm diseases: Protozoan
  • viral
  • fungal and bacterial Control and prevention of pests and diseases Entrepreneurship in Sericulture: Prospectus of Sericulture in India: Sericulture industry in different states
  • employment
  • potential in mulberry and non-mulberry sericulture. Visit to various sericulture centres
  • AQUARIUM FISH KEEPING: Introduction to Aquarium Fish Keeping: The potential scope of Aquarium Fish Industry as a Cottage Industry
  • Exotic and Endemic species of Aquarium Fishes. Biology of Aquarium Fishes: Common characters and sexual dimorphism of Fresh water and Marine Aquarium fishes such as Guppy
  • Molly
  • Sword tail
  • Gold fish
  • Angel fish
  • Blue morph
  • Anemone fish and Butterfly fish. Food and feeding of Aquarium fishes: Use of live fish feed organisms. Preparation and composition of formulated fish feeds
  • Fish Transportation: Live fish transport - Fish handling
  • packing and forwarding techniques. Maintenance of Aquarium: General Aquarium maintenance – budget for setting up an Aquarium Fish Farm as a Cottage Industry
  • RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: Foundations of Research: Meaning
  • Objectives
  • Motivation: Research Methods vs Methodology
  • Types of Research: Analytical vs Descriptive
  • Quantitative vs Qualitative
  • Basic vs Applied
  • Research Design: Need for research design: Features of good design
  • Important concepts related to good design- Observation and Facts
  • Prediction and Explanation
  • Development of
  • Models. Developing a research plan: Problem identification
  • Experimentation
  • Determining experimental and sample designs Data Collection
  • Analysis and Report Writing: Observation and Collection of Data-Methods of data collection- Sampling Methods
  • Data Processing and Analysis Strategies
  • Technical Reports and Thesis writing
  • Preparation of Tables and Bibliography. Data Presentation using digital technology
  • Ethical Issues: Intellectual property Rights, Commercialization, Copy Right, Royalty, Patent law, Plagiarism, Citation, Acknowledgement

• BOTANY

  355 topics

  • BIODIVERSITY (MICROBES, ALGAE, FUNGI AND ARCHEGONIATES): Microbes: Viruses – Discovery
  • general structure
  • replication (general account)
  • DNA virus (Tphage)
  • Lytic and lysogenic cycle, RNA virus (TMV)
  • Economic importance
  • Bacteria – Discovery, General characteristics and cell structure
  • Reproduction – vegetative, asexual and recombination (conjugation, transformation and transduction)
  • Economic importance. Algae: General characteristics
  • Ecology and distribution
  • Range of thallus organization and reproduction
  • Brief account of classification of algae
  • Morphology and life-cycles of the following: Nostoc, Oedogonium, Vaucheria, Ectocarpus, Polysiphonia. Economic importance of algae
  • Fungi : Introduction- General characteristics
  • ecology and significance
  • range of thallus organization
  • cell wall composition
  • nutrition
  • reproduction and classification
  • Morphology and life cycles of Phytophthora, Rhizopus (Zygomycota) Penicillium, Venturia (Ascomycota), Puccinia, Agaricus (Basidiomycota)
  • Symbiotic AssociationsLichens: General account
  • reproduction and significance. Bryophytes General characteristics
  • adaptations to land habit
  • Range of thallus organization. Classification (up to family)
  • morphology
  • anatomy and reproduction of Marchantia and Funaria. (Developmental details not to be included). Ecology and economic importance of bryophytes with special mention of Sphagnum. Pteridophytes: General characteristics
  • Early land plants (Cooksonia and Rhynia). Classification (up to family)
  • anatomy and reproduction of Selaginella
  • Equisetum and Adiantum. (Developmental details not to be included). Heterospory and seed habit
  • stelar evolution. Ecological and economical importance. Gymnosperms: General characteristics
  • Classification (up to family)
  • anatomy and reproduction of Cycas and Pinus (Developmental details not to be included). Economic importance
  • PLANT ECOLOGY AND TAXONOMY: Introduction
  • Ecological factors
  • Soil: Origin
  • formation
  • composition
  • soil profile. Water: States of water in the environment
  • precipitation types. Light and temperature
  • Shelford law of tolerance. General account of adaptations in xerophytes and hydrophytes. Plant communities: Characters
  • Ecotone and edge effect
  • Succession
  • Processes and types (Hydrosere and Xerosere)
  • Ecosystem: Structure
  • energy flow trophic organisation
  • Food chains and food webs, Ecological pyramids production and productivity
  • Biogeochemical cycling- Cycling of Nitrogen and Phosphoros. Introduction to plant taxonomy: Identification
  • Classification
  • Nomenclature. Identification: Functions of Herbarium
  • important herbaria and botanical gardens of the world and India
  • Documentation: Flora, Keys: single access and multi-access
  • Taxonomic evidences from cytology, phytochemistry and molecular data. Taxonomic hierarchy: Ranks, categories and taxonomic groups
  • Botanical nomenclature: Principles and rules (ICN)
  • ranks and names
  • binominal system, typification, author citation, valid publication, rejection of names, principle of priority and its limitations
  • Classification: Types of classification-artificial
  • natural and phylogenetic. Bentham and Hooker (upto series)
  • Engler and Prantl (upto series)
  • Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) - general introduction
  • Biometrics, numerical taxonomy and cladistics: Characters
  • variations
  • OTUs, character weighting and coding
  • cluster analysis
  • phenograms, cladograms (definitions and differences)
  • PLANT ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY: Meristematic and permanent tissues: Root and shoot apical meristems
  • Simple and complex tissues. Organs: Structure of dicot and monocot root stem and leaf. Adaptive and protective systems : Epidermis
  • cuticle
  • stomata
  • Secondary Growth: Vascular cambium – structure and function
  • seasonal activity. Secondary growth in root and stem
  • Structural organization of flower: Flower- a modified shoot, Function of floral parts
  • Structure of anther and pollen
  • Microsporogenesis, Male gametophyte, Structure and types of ovules
  • gasporangium
  • Types of embryo sacs
  • organization and ultra structure of mature embryo sac. Pollination: Pollination mechanisms and adaptations. Fertilization: Double fertilization
  • Seed-structure, appendages and dispersal mechanisms. Embryo and endosperm: Endosperm types, structure and functions
  • Dicot and monocot embryo
  • Embryo-endosperm relationship, polyembryony
  • PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND METABOLISM: Introduction: Applications of plant physiology in agriculture & horticulture. Plant-water relations: Importance of water
  • Diffusion. Osmosis
  • water potential and its components
  • Transpiration and its significance
  • Factors affecting transpiration
  • Root pressure and guttation, Mechanism of Stomatal movements. Mineral nutrition : Essential elements, macro and micronutrients
  • Criteria of essentiality of elements
  • Role of essential elements
  • Transport of ions across cell membrane
  • active and passive transport
  • carriers
  • channels and pumps. Translocation in phloem: Composition of phloem sap
  • girdling experiment
  • Pressure flow model
  • Phloem loading and unloading. Photosynthesis : Photosynthetic Pigments (Chl a, b, xanthophylls, carotene)
  • Photosystem I and II, reaction center, antenna molecules
  • Electron transport and mechanism of ATP synthesis
  • C3, C4 and CAM pathways of carbon fixation
  • Photorespiration. Respiration: Glycolysis, anaerobic respiration, TCA cycle
  • Oxidative phosphorylation, Glyoxylate, Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway. Enzymes :Structure and properties
  • Mechanism of enzyme catalysis and enzyme inhibition. Nitrogen metabolism : Biological nitrogen fixation
  • Nitrate and ammonia assimilation. Plant growth regulators: Discovery and physiological roles of auxins
  • gibberellins
  • cytokinins
  • ABA
  • ethylene. Plant response to light and temperature: Photoperiodism (SDP, LDP, Day neutral plants)
  • Phytochrome (discovery and structure), red and far red light responses on photomorphogenesis
  • Vernalization. Practical applications of vernalization and photoperiodism
  • ECONOMIC BOTANY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY: Cultivated Plants: Introduction
  • Research centres
  • Concept of centres of origin
  • their importance with reference to Vavilov’s work
  • Cereals: Wheat and Rice -Origin, morphology, uses
  • Pulses & Vegetables: General account with special reference to Gram , soybean and Potato
  • Spices: General account with special reference to clove
  • black pepper
  • cinnamon
  • Ginger and Turmeric (Botanical name, family, part used, morphology and uses)
  • Beverages: Tea and Coffee (morphology, processing, uses)
  • Oils and Sugar: General description with special reference to groundnut and sugarcane
  • Fibre Yielding Plants: General description with special reference to Cotton (Botanical name, family, partused, morphology and uses)
  • Medicinal Plants: Brief account of Ocimum, Tinospora, Aloe, Rauvolfia, Emblica and Cathranthus
  • Introduction to Biotechnology: Tissue culture techniques, Micropropagation
  • brief account of embryo & endosperm culture
  • Applications of plant tissue culture in agriculture
  • horticulture and forestry. Biotechnological Techniques:Introduction to r-DNA
  • Cloning vehicles
  • Gene transfer techniques in plants
  • Transgenic plants
  • Agarose electrophoresis
  • Blotting techniques: Northern
  • Southern and Western Blotting
  • DNA Fingerprinting
  • Molecular DNA markers i.e. RAPD, RFLP, SNPs
  • DNA sequencing
  • PCR and Reverse Transcriptase-PCR. ELISA
  • Hybridoma and monoclonal an tibodies
  • ELISA and Immunodetection. Molecular diagnosis of human disease
  • Human gene Therapy
  • ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN PLANT SCIENCES: Imaging and related techniques : Principles of microscopy
  • Light microscopy
  • Fluorescence microscopy
  • Confocal microscopy
  • Use of fluorochromes: (a) Flow cytometry (FACS)
  • (b) Applications of fluorescence microscopy: Chromosome banding, FISH, chromosome painting
  • Transmission and Scanning electron microscopy – sample preparation for electron microscopy
  • cryofixation
  • negative staining
  • shadow casting
  • freeze fracture
  • freeze etching. Cell fractionation: Centrifugation: Differential and density gradient centrifugation
  • sucrose density gradient
  • CsCl2 gradient
  • analytical centrifugation
  • ultracentrifugation
  • marker enzymes. Radioisotopes: Use in biological research
  • auto-radiography
  • pulse chase experiment. Spectrophotometry: Principle and its application in biological research. Chromatography: Principle
  • Paper chromatography
  • Column chromatography, TLC, GLC, HPLC, Ionexchange chromatography
  • Molecular sieve chromatography
  • Affinity chromatography. Characterization of proteins and nucleic acids: Mass spectrometry
  • X-ray diffraction
  • X-ray crystallography
  • Characterization of proteins and nucleic acids
  • Electrophoresis: AGE, PAGE, SDS-Biostatistics: Statistics, data, population, samples, parameters
  • Representation of Data: Tabular, Graphical
  • Measures of central tendency: Arithmetic mean, mode, median
  • Measures of dispersion: Range, mean deviation, variation, standard deviation
  • Chi-square test for goodness of fit
  • CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: Techniques in Biology: Principles of microscopy
  • Phase contrast microscopy
  • Electron microscopy (EM)- Scanning EM and Scanning Transmission EM (STEM)
  • Sample
  • X-ray diffraction analysis. Cell as a unit of Life: The Cell Theory
  • Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
  • Cell size and shape
  • Eukaryotic Cell components. Cell Organelles: Mitochondria: Structure, marker enzymes, composition
  • Semiautonomous nature
  • Symbiont hypothesis
  • Proteins synthesized within mitochondria
  • mitochondrial DNA. Chloroplast Structure, marker enzymes, composition
  • chloroplast DNA. ER
  • Golgi body & Lysosomes: Structures and roles. Peroxisomes and Glyoxisomes: Structures
  • functions in animals and plants and biogenesis. Nucleus: Nuclear Envelope- structure of nuclear pore complex
  • chromatin
  • molecular organization
  • DNA packaging in eukaryotes
  • euchromatin and heterochromatin
  • nucleolus and 10 | P a g e ribosome structure (brief). Cell Membrane and Cell Wall :The functions of membranes
  • Models of membrane structure
  • The fluidity of membranes
  • Membrane proteins and their functions
  • Carbohydrates in the membrane
  • Faces of the membranes
  • Selective permeability of the membranes
  • Cell wall. Cell Cycle : Overview of Cell cycle, Mitosis and Meiosis
  • Molecular controls. Genetic material : DNA: Miescher to Watson and Crick- historic perspective
  • Griffith’s and Avery’s transformation experiments
  • Hershey-Chase bacteriophage experiment
  • DNA structure
  • types of DNA
  • types of genetic material. A replication rokaryotes and eukaryotes bidirectional replication
  • semi–conservative
  • semi discontinuous R A priming
  • Ǿ theta mode of replication
  • replication of linear
  • ds- A
  • replicating the end of linear chromosome including replication enzymes. Transcription (Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes): Types of structures of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA)
  • RNA polymerase- various types
  • Translation (Prokaryotes and eukaryotes), genetic
  • code. Regulation of gene expression: Prokaryotes:Lac operon and Tryptophan operon
  • and in Eukaryotes
  • GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING: Heredity Brief life history of Mendel 1. Terminologies 2. Laws of Inheritance 3. Modified Mandelian Ratios: 2:1- lethal Genes
  • 1:2:1- Codominance, incomplete dominance
  • 12:3:1. 4. Chi Square 5. Pedigree Analysis 6. Cytoplasmic Inheritance: Shell Coiling in Snail
  • Kappa particles in Paramecium
  • leaf variegation in Mirabilis jalapa
  • Male sterility. 7. Multiple allelism 8. Pleiotropism 9. Chromosome theory of Inheritance. Sex- determination and Sex-linked Inheritance: Linkage and Crossing over: Linkage: concept & history
  • complete & incomplete linkage
  • bridges experiment
  • coupling & repulsion
  • recombination frequency
  • linkage maps based on two and three factor crosses. Crossing over: concept and significance
  • cytological proof of crossing over. Mutations and Chromosomal Aberrations: Types of mutations
  • effects of physical & chemical mutagens. Numerical chromosomal changes: Euploidy
  • Polyploidy and Aneuploidy
  • Structural chromosomal changes: Deletions
  • Duplications
  • Inversions & Translocations. Plant Breeding :Introduction and objectives. Breeding systems: modes of reproduction in crop plants. Important achievements and undesirable consequences of plant breeding. Methods of crop improvement : Introduction: Centres of origin and domestication of crop plants
  • plant genetic resources
  • Acclimatization
  • Selection methods: For self pollinated, cross pollinated and vegetatively propagated plants
  • Hybridization: For self
  • cross and vegetatively propagated plants – Procedure
  • advantages and limitations. Quantitative inheritance: Concept
  • mechanism
  • examples. Monogenic vs polygenic Inheritance. Inbreeding depression and heterosis : History
  • genetic basis of inbreeding depression and heterosis
  • Applications. Crop improvement and breeding: Role of mutations
  • Polyploidy
  • Distant hybridization and role of biotechnology in crop improvement. 11 | P a g e
  • BIOFERTILIZERS:Fertilizers: Introduction
  • Types of fertilizers and their advantages and disadvantages
  • Brief account of microbes used as biofertilizer
  • Marketable forms of biofertilizers
  • Rhizobium: General account, Isolation, Identification, Mass multiplication, Carrier based inoculants, Application, Crop response
  • Actinorrhizal Symbiosis- Frankia, Host-microsymbiont relationship, Isolation, Culture, Application and Advantages
  • Azospirillum: Isolation and mass multiplication, Carrier based inoculant, Crop response
  • Azotobacter: Characteristics
  • Isolation and mass multiplication
  • Application and Crop response. Phosphate Solubilizing Organisms: Introduction
  • Isolation
  • Culture and Applications. Cyanobacteria (Blue Green Algae): Azolla and Anabaena azollae association
  • Nitrogen fixation
  • Factors affecting growth
  • Blue green algae and Azolla in rice cultivation. Mycorrhizal Association: Types of mycorrhizal association
  • Taxonomy
  • Occurrence and distribution
  • Phosphorus nutrition
  • Growth and yield
  • VAM – Isolation and inoculum production
  • Influence on growth and yield of crop plants. Organic Farming – Green manuring and organic fertilizers
  • Recycling of biodegradable municipal
  • agricultural and Industrial wastes
  • Biocompost making methods, Types and method of vermicomposting, field Application
  • GARDENING AND FLORICULTURE: Landscape Gardening and Floriculture: Definitions of Landscape Gardening and Floriculture
  • history of gardening
  • importance
  • status and scope of Floriculture and Landscaping
  • landscaping of homes
  • educational institutions
  • highways and public parks. Gardening operations: Soil laying
  • Manuring
  • Watering
  • Management of pests and diseases
  • Soil sterilization
  • Seed sowing
  • Pricking
  • Planting and transplanting
  • Shading
  • Stopping or pinching
  • Defoliation
  • Mulching
  • Pruning
  • Topiary making. Garden Designs
  • Principles
  • Types and Features: Principles and Elements of Garden Designs
  • Formal and Informal gardens
  • English
  • Mughal and Japanese gardens
  • Features of a garden (Garden wall
  • Fencing
  • Steps
  • Hedge
  • Edging
  • Lawn
  • Flower beds
  • Shrubbery
  • Borders
  • Rock garden
  • Water garden. Some Famous gardens of India. Propagation of Garden Plants: Sexual and vegetative methods of propagation
  • Role of plant growth regulators. Ornamental Plants: Flowering annuals
  • Herbaceous perennials
  • Shrubs, Climbers
  • Ornamental trees
  • Ornamental bulbous plants
  • Palms and Cycads
  • Potted plants and indoor gardening
  • Bonsai. Commercial Floriculture: Factors affecting growth and flower production of ornamentals
  • Cultivation of Important flower crops (Carnation, Chrysanthemum, Gerbera, Gladiolus, Marigold, Rose, Lilium)
  • Post Harvest Management: Post- harvest handling of important flower crops
  • methods to prolong vase life
  • packaging
  • storage and transport of flower crops
  • Flower arrangements and other floral crafts
  • MEDICINAL BOTANY AND ETHNOBOTANY: Traditional Systems of Medicine: Brief history of use of medicinal herbs
  • Introduction to indigenous systems of medicines- Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha system of medicine
  • Ethnobotany: Introduction, concept, scope and objectives
  • Ethnobotany as an interdisciplinary 12 | P a g e science. The relevance of ethnobotany in the present context
  • Major and minor ethnic groups or Tribals of India
  • and their life styles. Plants Used by the Tribals: a) Food plants b) intoxicants and beverages c) Resins and oils and miscellaneous
  • uses. d Sacred plants
  • Methodology of Ethnobotanical Studies: a) Field work b) Herbarium c) Ancient Literature d) Archaeological findings e) temples and sacred
  • places. Role of ethnobotany in modern Medicine Medico-ethnobotanical sources in India
  • Significance of the following plants in ethno botanical practices (along with their habitat and morphology) a) Azadiractha indica b) Ocimum sanctum c) Vitex negundo. d) Gloriosa superba e) Tribulus terrestris f) Pongamia pinnata g) Cassia auriculata h) Indigofera tinctoria
  • Role of ethnobotany in modern medicine with special example Rauvolfia sepentina
  • Taxus wallichiana
  • Trichopus zeylanicus
  • Artemisia
  • Withania. Role of ethnic groups in conservation of plant genetic resources. Endangered taxa and forest management (participatory forest management). Ethnobotany and Legal Aspects: Ethnobotany as a tool to protect interests of ethnic groups. Sharing of wealth concept with few examples from
  • India. Biopiracy, Intellectual Property Rights and Traditional Knowledge
  • MUSHROOM CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY: Introduction, history. Nutritional and medicinal value of edible mushrooms
  • Nutrition and nutraceuticals – Proteins, amino acids, mineral elements nutrition, carbohydrates, crude fibre content , vitamins
  • Poisonous mushrooms. Cultivation Technology : Infrastructure: substrates (locally available) Polythene bag
  • vessels
  • Inoculation hook
  • inoculation loop
  • low cost stove
  • sieves
  • culture rack
  • mushroom unit (Thatched house) water sprayer
  • tray
  • small polythene bag. Pure culture: Medium
  • Sterilization
  • Preparation of spawn
  • Multiplication. Cultivation practices of Agaricus bisporus
  • Pleurotus sp. and Volvoriella volvacea. Composting technology in mushroom production
  • Low cost technology
  • Mushroom bed preparation - paddy straw
  • sugarcane trash
  • maize straw
  • banana leaves. Factors affecting the mushroom bed preparation. Storage: Short-term storage (Refrigeration - upto 24 hours) Long term Storage (canning, pickels, papads)
  • drying
  • storage in salt solutions. Food Preparation: Types of foods prepared from mushroom. Research Centres -National level and Regional
  • level. Cost benefit ratio - Marketing in India and abroad, Export Value Diseases and Pests of Mushrooms. 13 | P a g e

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• APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY

  11 topics

• APPLIED SOCIOLOGY

  8 topics

• APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY

  4 topics

• NURSING FOUNDATION - I (including First Aid module)

  14 topics

• APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY

  8 topics

• APPLIED NUTRITION AND DIETETICS

  12 topics

• NURSING FOUNDATION - II (including Health Assessment Module)

  14 topics

• HEALTH/NURSING INFORMATICS AND TECHNOLOGY

  3 topics

• APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION CONTROL & SAFETY

  18 topics

• PHARMACOLOGY – I

  8 topics

• PATHOLOGY – I

  3 topics

• ADULT HEALTH NURSING WITH INTEGRATED PATHOLOGY

  11 topics

• PHARMCOLOGY –II

  8 topics

• PATHOLOGY –II AND GENETICS

  7 topics

• ADULT HEALTH NURSING –II WITH INTEGRATED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

  12 topics

• PROFESSIONALISM, PROFESSIONAL VALUES & ETHICS INCLUDING BIOETHNICS PLACEMENT

  11 topics

• CHILD HEALTH CARE

  6 topics

• MENTAL HEALTH NURSING

  8 topics

• COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

  11 topics

• EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY/NURSING EDUCATION

  8 topics

• CHILD HEALTH NURSING

  3 topics

• MENTAL HEALTH NURSING –II

  7 topics

• NURSING MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP

  16 topics

• MIDWIFERY / OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY NURSING

  7 topics

• COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

  13 topics

• NURSING RESEARCH AND STATISTICS

  8 topics

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• General knowledge

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  0 topics

• Everyday Science

  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning

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• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

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• General Hindi (10th standard)

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• FORENSICS SCIENCE

  114 topics

• CHEMISTRY

  64 topics

• PHYSICS

  107 topics

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• General knowledge

  1 topics

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  0 topics

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  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning

  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

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  0 topics

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• FORENSICS SCIENCE

  232 topics

• CHEMISTRY

  118 topics

• PHYSICS

  153 topics

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• General knowledge

  1 topics

• Current Affairs

  0 topics

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  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning

  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

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  0 topics

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  0 topics

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• SOCIAL SCIENCE

  24 topics

• HISTORY

  108 topics

• GEOGRAPHY. India – Size and Location, India & the world, India’s neighbours,; Physical Features of India

  55 topics

• POLITICAL SCIENCE What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

  50 topics

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• MATHEMATICS Number Systems / Knowing Our Numbers / Real Numbers

  126 topics

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• SCIENCE Components of food

  196 topics

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• ENGLISH Reading Comprehension, Word Power, The Sentence, Subject And Predicates , Articles, Number, Gender, Punctuation

  25 topics

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• Computers/ Information Technology Computer organization

  13 topics

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• History of Indian & Western Art

  17 topics

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• Computer

  6 topics

• Computer Graphics

  1 topics

• Hardware Input/ Output devices, Processor, Ports, cables, Storing devices

  0 topics

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• Aesthetics

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• Sculpture

  8 topics

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• Photography

  13 topics

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• Paintings Fundamentals

  5 topics

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• Drawing Fundamentals

  10 topics

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• Mediums

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• Tools

  1 topics

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• Graphics(Print Making)

  1 topics

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• Screen Printing

  1 topics

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• Offset Printing

  73 topics

• History

  96 topics

• Geography

  61 topics

• Economics

  24 topics

• Political Science What is Democracy? Why Democracy?

  45 topics

• Mathematics Number Systems / Knowing Our Numbers / Real Numbers

  105 topics

• Science Components of food

  195 topics

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• ECONOMICS

  82 topics

• MATHEMATICS

  77 topics

• STATISTICS

  36 topics

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• General knowledge

  1 topics

• Current Affairs

  0 topics

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  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning

  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

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  0 topics

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• Subjects upto 10+2

  42 topics

• SOCIAL SCIENCE

  244 topics

• MATHEMATICS Number Systems / Knowing Our Numbers / Real Numbers

  125 topics

• SCIENCE Components of food

  196 topics

• SYLLABUS OF JBT COURSE /D.EL.ED COURSE

  94 topics

• General knowledge General Knowledge including General knowledge of Himachal Pradesh

  0 topics

• Current Affairs

  0 topics

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  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning 12 | P a g e

  0 topics

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• Ancient History (upto 1206 AD)

  16 topics

• MEDIEVAL INDIA (1206-1707)

  16 topics

• MODERN INDIA (1707-1950 A.D)

  22 topics

• European History

  11 topics

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• Geography

  11 topics

• Origin of the Earth

  7 topics

• Agents of Gradation

  1 topics

• Atmosphere

  4 topics

• Hydrosphere

  7 topics

• Maps and their classification, elements of maps, globe, Isopleths lines, line and bar graphs

  0 topics

• Geography of India-Physical Setting

  5 topics

• Climate of India

  3 topics

• India’s Flora and Fauna

  0 topics

• Population and its Characteristics

  1 topics

• Settlement System

  1 topics

• Resource Base

  1 topics

• Minerals

  1 topics

• Agriculture practices and seasons

  1 topics

• Major Industries and industrial zones

  1 topics

• Means of Transportation

  1 topics

• Disasters and Hazards-Type of Disasters/hazards

  2 topics

• Modern Trends and Techniques in Geography-Remote Sensing, GPS, Geographic Information System, Georeferencing

  0 topics

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• Economics

  6 topics

• Basic Concepts of Economics

  9 topics

• Consumer Behaviour and Demand

  9 topics

• Producer Behaviour and Supply

  7 topics

• Costs and Revenue

  6 topics

• Forms of Market and Price Determination

  7 topics

• National Income and Related Aggregates; Concepts

  6 topics

• Money and Banking

  7 topics

• Determination of Income and Employment

  6 topics

• Government Budget and the Economy

  8 topics

• Indian Economy

  17 topics

• Poverty, Unemployment & Inequality

  4 topics

• Development and Planning in India

  5 topics

• International Trade and Institutions

  8 topics

• Current Economic Issues

  6 topics

• Economy of Himachal Pradesh

  7 topics

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• Political Science

  26 topics

• Political Theory

  13 topics

• Comparative Govt. and Politics

  3 topics

• International Relations

  7 topics

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• Public Administration

  21 topics

• Public Administration, Organization, Decision making, Leadership, Communication, Coordination

  0 topics

• Indian Administration, Civil Services in India, Union Public Service Commission, State Public Service Commission

  0 topics

• Constitutional Authorities

  1 topics

• Non -Constitutional Bodies

  1 topics

• Administrative Thinkers

  1 topics

• Development Administration, Machinery for Planning in India and States

  0 topics

• Political Parties, NGO’s, Self Help Groups (SHGs), Bureaucracy

  0 topics

• Local Self government

  0 topics

• Good Governance, Consumer Protection Act 1986

  0 topics

• Women Empowerment, Welfare of Weaker Sections

  1 topics

• Public Policy, Public Policy Making Organs in India

  0 topics

• Social Welfare Administration and Social Welfare Policies

  0 topics

• Public Service Delivery and Redressal of Public Grievances

  0 topics

• Parliamentary Control over Finance, Parliamentary Committees

  0 topics

• E-Governance, E-learning, E-commerce, E-health

  0 topics

• Disaster Management, NDMA Act 2005, NDMA, NDRF, SDRF

  0 topics

• Emergence, Administrative History, Administrative Set up of HP

  0 topics

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• Meaning; History of Sociology (Origin and Development); Nature and Significance

  0 topics

• Scope and Subject Matter

  1 topics

• Basic Concepts

  4 topics

• Sociological Concepts

  4 topics

• Society in India; India as a Plural Society

  3 topics

• Social Institutions

  5 topics

• Identities and Change

  3 topics

• Challenges to State and Society

  2 topics

• Sociological Theories of August Comte; Karl Marx; Max Weber; Emile Durkheim

  0 topics

• Methods of Sociological Enquiry; Logic of Social Research; Methodological Perspectives & Modes of Enquiry

  0 topics

• Techniques of Social Research

  4 topics

• Concept, Meaning, Need & Importance of Sociology of Environment

  0 topics

• Environment and Resources

  2 topics

• Development and Environment

  2 topics

• Contemporary Environmental Concerns

  3 topics

• Social Demography

  2 topics

• Demographic Processes

  3 topics

• Population Theories

  3 topics

• Population Growth and its Impact

  3 topics

• Theory and Practice of Development

  1 topics

• Recent Trends in Development

  2 topics

• Post Development Theory

  3 topics

• Sustainable Development

  3 topics

• Religion and Society

  3 topics

• Religion in India-I

  1 topics

• Religion in India-II

  2 topics

• Secularism and Communalism

  2 topics

• Marriage, Family and Kinship

  5 topics

• Social Stratification

  2 topics

• Forms of Social Stratification

  39 topics

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• Subjects of B.Ed Course Childhood and Development Years; Contemporary India and Education; Language Across the Curriculum

  12 topics

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• General knowledge

  1 topics

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• Current Affairs

  0 topics

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  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General Hindi (10th standard)

  0 topics

• Subjects of B.Sc (Non-Medical)

  17 topics

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• Subjects of 01 year B.Ed -Childhood and Development Years, Contemporary India and Education, Language Across the Curriculum

  16 topics

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• General knowledge

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• Current Affairs (10th standard)

  0 topics

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  0 topics

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  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General Hindi (10th standard)

  0 topics

• CHEMISTRY

  35 topics

• BOTANY

  60 topics

• ZOOLOGY

  83 topics

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• Subjects of 01 year B.Ed

  18 topics

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• General knowledge

  1 topics

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• Current Affairs (10th standard)

  0 topics

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  0 topics

• Logical Reasoning (10th standard)

  0 topics

• Social Science (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General English (10th standard)

  0 topics

• General Hindi (10th standard)

  0 topics