Forestry Research ICFRE

• Cryptogams

  5 टॉपिक

  • Algae
  • Fungi
  • Bryophytes
  • Pteridophytes - structure and reproduction from evolutonary viewpoint
  • Distribution of Cryptogams in India and their economic potential

• Phanerogams

  8 टॉपिक

  • Gymnosperms
  • Concept of Progymonosperms
  • Classification and distribution of Gymnosperms
  • Salient features of Cycadales
  • Coniferrals and Gnetales
  • their structures and reproduction
  • General account of Cycadofilicales
  • Bennettitales and Cordaitales

• Angiosperm

  132 टॉपिक

  • Plants morphology, Inflorescences, Botanical Nomenclature- Salient Features of the International Code of Nomenclature (ICN), Principles, Type method, author citation, Publication of names, rejection of names
  • Basionym
  • synonym
  • tautonym etc. Principle of priority
  • limitations
  • conservation of names of species
  • The Species concept
  • Taxonomic hierarchy
  • Species
  • Genus and Family Taxonomic evidence: Morphology
  • anatomy
  • palynology
  • Numerical
  • Cytology
  • Phytochemistry
  • Embryology
  • Evolution of Angiosperm (Phylogenetic tree)
  • Molecular systematics
  • Concepts and methods
  • Taxonomic Tools
  • Herbaria and herbarium techniques
  • methods plants collections and documentation
  • preparation and preservation of herbarium specimens
  • herbarium operations
  • virtual herbarium
  • major herbaria of the world and India
  • Functions of Herbaria
  • Botanical Gardens and Arboretum
  • Systems of angiosperm classification (Artificial, natural and phylogenetic system of classification including Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system
  • Numerical Taxonomy
  • Chemotaxonomy
  • Taxonomy in relation to anatomy
  • serology and molecular study
  • Dendrology
  • Uses of important economic species
  • Floristic regions of the world
  • Floristic Composition of India
  • description and composition of Himalayan
  • Peninsular and Desert vegetation
  • Biodiversity Act
  • Role of National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) in biodiversity management
  • CBD and environmental protocols
  • Details of all families with special emphasis on important families
  • Ranunculaceae
  • Magnoliaceae
  • Anonaceae
  • Berbeidaceae
  • Capparidaceae
  • Pittosporaceae
  • Tamariaceae
  • Hypericaceae
  • Malvaceae
  • Sterculaceae
  • Tiliaceae
  • Linaceae
  • Malphiginaceae
  • Rutaceae
  • Simarubiaceae
  • Burseraceae
  • Meliaceae
  • Olacaceae
  • Ilicaceae
  • Celastraceae
  • Rhamnaceae
  • Sapindaceae
  • Sabiaceae
  • Anacardiaceae
  • Moringaceae
  • Fabaceae
  • Rosaceae
  • Saxifragaceae
  • Rhizophoraceae
  • Combtretaceae
  • Myrtaceae
  • Melastomaceae
  • Lythraceae
  • Samydaceae
  • Cactaceae
  • Araliaceae
  • Cornaceae
  • Caprifoliaceae
  • Rubiaceae
  • Asteraceae
  • Ericaceae
  • Plumbaginaceae
  • Myrsinaceae
  • Sapotaceae
  • Ebenaceae
  • Styraceae
  • Oleaceae
  • Apocynaceae
  • Asclepiadaceae
  • Fagaceae
  • Loganiceae
  • Boraginaceae
  • Convolvulaceae
  • Solanceae
  • Schrophulariaceae
  • Bibnoniaceae
  • Achanthaceae
  • Vervenaceae
  • Labiatae
  • Nyctaginaceae
  • Amaranthaceae
  • Chenopodiaceae
  • Polygonaceae
  • Piperaceae
  • Lauraceae
  • Proteaceae
  • Thymelaeaceae
  • Elaegnaceae
  • Loranthaceae
  • Santalaceae
  • Euphorbiaceae
  • Myricaceae
  • Betulaceae
  • Salicaceae
  • Junglandaceae
  • Cupuliferae
  • Scitamineae
  • Dioscoreaceae
  • Orchidaceae
  • Liliaceae
  • Arecaceae
  • Typhaceae
  • Araceae
  • Cyperaceae
  • Gramineae
  • Cupressaceae
  • Pinaceae
  • Cycadaceae
  • Gnetaceae

• Plant Anatomy

  79 टॉपिक

  • Basic structure and function of plant cells
  • Parenchyma
  • Collenchyma
  • Sclerenchyma
  • Tissue systems
  • Dermal
  • Ground
  • and Vascular tissues
  • Primary and secondary growth in plants
  • Structure and function of xylem and phloem
  • Meristematic tissues
  • Apical
  • Lateral
  • and Intercalary meristems
  • Xylem
  • Types of tracheary elements (tracheids, vessels)
  • fibers
  • and parenchyma
  • Phloem
  • Sieve elements
  • companion cells
  • phloem parenchyma
  • and fibers
  • Vascular bundles
  • Arrangement in dicots and monocots ( Stem, Roots and Leaves)
  • Structure of wood
  • Xylem tissue
  • formation of growth rings
  • early wood and late wood
  • Heartwood and Sapwood
  • Vessels and tracheids
  • Role and structure
  • Bordered pits
  • Tyloses
  • Stomata and their types
  • Anomalous secondary growth
  • Anatomy of C 3 and C 4 plants
  • Dendrochronology
  • Fossil wood
  • Tools and Techniques in Plant Anatomy
  • Light microscopy
  • Bright field
  • phase contrast
  • and fluorescence microscopy
  • Electron microscopy: Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy (TEM, SEM)
  • Confocal microscopy and its application in plant tissue analysis
  • Preparation of plant tissues for microscopic study (fixation, embedding, sectioning)
  • Staining methods for specific tissue identification
  • Microtomy
  • Types of microtomes and their application
  • Techniques for preparing thin sections of wood
  • leaves
  • roots
  • and stems
  • Maceration techniques for isolating plant cells
  • Plant Embryology
  • Male and female gametophytes
  • Development and structure of pollen grain and ovule, Pollination mechanisms: Abiotic and biotic agents of pollination, Fertilization process: Pollen tube growth and double fertilization in angiosperms
  • Embryogenesis
  • Development of the zygote into the proembryo
  • Developmental stages of the embryo: Globular
  • heart-shaped
  • and torpedo stages
  • Formation of cotyledons
  • epicotyl
  • hypocotyl
  • and radicle
  • Embryonic tissue differentiation: Meristematic regions
  • vascular tissues
  • Types of endosperm
  • Nuclear
  • cellular
  • and helobial
  • Seed development and maturation
  • Seed coat development and role in protection
  • Dormancy mechanisms and factors influencing seed germination
  • Polyembryony
  • Apomixis
  • Application of palynology

• Microbiology and Plant Pathology

  17 टॉपिक

  • Viruses
  • bacteria
  • and plasmids-structure and reproduction
  • Phyto-immunology
  • Applications of microbiology in agriculture
  • industry
  • medicine and pollution control in air
  • soil and water
  • Important plant diseases caused by viruses
  • mycoplasma
  • fungi and nematodes
  • Mode of infection and dissemination
  • Molecular basis of infection and disease resistance/defence
  • Physiology of parasitism and control measures
  • Fungal toxins
  • Modelling and disease forecasting
  • Plant quarantine

• Plant Utility and Exploitation

  15 टॉपिक

  • Origin of cultivated plants
  • Vavilov's centres of origin
  • Plants as sources for timber
  • food
  • fodder
  • gums
  • resins
  • dyes
  • fibres
  • spices
  • beverages
  • drugs
  • narcotics and insecticides
  • Importance of Ethnobotany
  • Energy plantation

• Morphogenesis

  7 टॉपिक

  • Totipotency
  • polarity
  • symmetry and differentiation
  • Cell
  • tissue
  • organ and protoplast culture
  • Somatic hybrids and Cybrids

• Cell Biology

  17 टॉपिक

  • Techniques of Cell Biology
  • Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells -structural and ultrastructural details
  • Structure and function of extracellular matrix or ECM (cell wall) and membranes-cell adhesion, membrane and vesicular transport
  • Structure and function of cell organelles
  • Nucleus
  • nucleolus
  • nuclear pore complex
  • Chromatin and nucleosome
  • DNA and RNA
  • Cell signalling and cell receptors
  • Signal transduction (G-1 proteins, etc.)
  • Mitosis and meisdosis
  • molecular basis of cell cycle
  • Numerical and structural variations in chromosomes and their significance
  • Study of polytene
  • lampbrush and B-chromosomes structure
  • behaviour and significance

• Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution

  15 टॉपिक

  • Development of genetics
  • gene versus allele concepts (Pseudoalleles)
  • Quantitative genetics and multiple factors
  • Linkage and crossing over
  • methods of gene mapping
  • Sex chromosomes and sex-linked inheritance
  • sex determination and molecular basis of sex differentiation
  • Mutation (biochemical and molecular basis)
  • Cytoplasmic inheritance and cytoplasmic genes
  • Prions and prion hypothesis
  • Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids and protines
  • Genetic code and regulation of gene expression
  • Multigene families
  • Organic evolution-evidences
  • mechanism and theories

• Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and Biostatistics

  6 टॉपिक

  • Methods of plant breeding -- introduction
  • selection and hybridization (pedigree, backcross, mass selection, bulk method)
  • Male sterility and heterosis breeding
  • Use of apomixis in plant breeding
  • Micropropagation and genetic engineering methods of transfer of genes and transgenic crops
  • development and use of molecular markers in plant breeding

• Physiology and Biochemistry

  21 टॉपिक

  • Water relations
  • Mineral nutrition and ion transport
  • mineral deficiencies
  • Photosynthesis
  • Respiraion
  • Nitrogen fixation
  • Enzymes
  • coenzymes
  • energy transfer and energy conservation
  • Importance of secondary metabolites
  • Pigments as photoreceptors
  • Photoperiodism and flowering
  • senescence
  • Growth substances-their chemical nature
  • growth indices
  • growth movements
  • Stress physiology
  • Fruit and seed physiology
  • Dormancy
  • storage and germination of seed
  • Fruit ripening

• Ecology and Plant Geography

  19 टॉपिक

  • Ecological factors
  • Concepts and dynamics of community
  • Plant succession
  • Concepts of biosphere
  • Ecosystems and their conservation
  • Pollution and its control
  • Phytogeographical and biogeographical regions of India
  • Protected Areas
  • Forest types of India
  • afforestation
  • deforestation and social forestry
  • IUCN
  • CITES
  • IPCC
  • Threatened species
  • Endemism and Red Data Books
  • Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD)
  • Sovereign Rights and Intellectual Property Rights
  • Global warming

इस विषय के सभी 341 टॉपिक दिखाए गए हैं।कम टॉपिक दिखाएँ

• Organic Chemistry

  67 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Organic Nomenclature
  • IUPAC nomenclature of organic molecules including regio- and stereoisomers

• Inorganic Chemistry

  69 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Chemical periodicity
  • Basic concept of periodicity

• Physical Chemistry

  71 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Basic principles

• Recent and Applied Chemistry

  5 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • General concepts and applications
  • Environmental and Green chemistry

इस विषय के 212 टॉपिक में से 8 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 212 टॉपिक देखें →

• Insect Biodiversity and Biosystematics

  22 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Evolution of insects
  • introduction to class Insecta and its position in phylum Arthropoda

• Commercial Entomology and other beneficial insects

  11 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Apiculture
  • Lac culture

• Insects and climate change

  0 टॉपिक

• Ecological indicators of forest health

  0 टॉपिक

• Bioinformatics

  0 टॉपिक

• Insect Morphology

  20 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Insect body structure
  • cuticular outgrowths

• Insect Physiology and Anatomy

  39 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Scope and importance of insect anatomy and physiology
  • anatomy and physiology of digestive

• Insect Ecology

  16 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Concept of ecology, environment and its components-biotic and abiotic factors and their effects on growth, development, population dynamics, distribution and dispersal
  • Principle of biogeography and insects biodiversity

• Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

  20 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • History
  • principles and concepts of IPM

• Host Plant Resistance

  14 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Chemical ecology
  • mechano and chemo receptors

• Biological Control of Insect Pests

  8 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Importance, scope, components and concepts of biological control, history of biological control: Important entomophagous insect orders and families
  • Evaluation and application of bio-control agents against insect pests for forest tree species

• Chemical Control and Toxicology

  16 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • History
  • scope and principles of chemical control

• Insect Pests and their Management

  27 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Classification of forest insect pests
  • type of damages and symptoms

• Recent Trends in Entomology

  13 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Molecular insect systematic and taxonomy
  • genetic improvement and insect gene transformation of natural enemies

इस विषय के 206 टॉपिक में से 22 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 206 टॉपिक देखें →

• Fundamentals of Ecology

  44 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Introduction
  • Definition

• Ecosystem Analysis

  17 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Major ecosystems
  • Concept of Biosphere and ecosystem

• Forest Ecology

  8 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Forest types of India
  • structure and biota

• Conservation Ecology

  16 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Introduction
  • Definition of conservation

• Restoration Ecology

  29 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Introduction
  • Definition

• Pollution and Climatic Change

  6 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Air
  • water

इस विषय के 120 टॉपिक में से 12 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 120 टॉपिक देखें →

• Basics of Forest Economics and associated quantitative methods

  35 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Micro and macroeconomics
  • Relevance of economics to forestry sector

• Production Forestry

  13 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Concept of Production Functions (Single and Multiple Input cases)
  • their characteristics and forms

• Markets and firms

  43 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Definition of Market
  • Role of markets in forestry sector

• Non-Timber Forest Products and Forest Valuation, Forest Resource Economics

  30 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Forest based ecosystem services
  • Direct

• Applications of Forest Economics

  42 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Sources of revenue
  • Risk and Uncertainty

इस विषय के 163 टॉपिक में से 10 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 163 टॉपिक देखें →

• Silviculture

  26 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Forest ecosystem
  • classification of world’s forest vegetation

• Agroforestry

  20 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • History in India
  • potential and scope

• Forest Biometry

  16 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Measurement of tree parameters
  • modern tools and techniques

• Forest Management

  11 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Principles
  • scope and object

• Forest Products and Forest Industries

  34 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • forest based industries
  • importance

• Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation

  17 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • forest ecology
  • forest productivity

• Forest Resource Management and Economics

  11 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • economics in forest management
  • application of micro and macro-economics

• Forest Protection

  11 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Important diseases and insect pests and their management
  • assessment of losses

• Forest Policy And Laws And International Conventions

  11 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • National Forest Policies
  • principles of criminal law

• Reproductive Biology and Tree Improvement

  27 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Reproductive Biology
  • artificial vegetative propagation

• Forests And People

  24 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Forests and its importance
  • forest societies

• Plantation Forestry

  34 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Role of plantation forestry
  • plantation forestry in India and abroad

• Environmental Conservation

  8 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Environmental degradation
  • pollution

• Statistics (Research Methodology)

  13 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Statistics
  • definition

इस विषय के 263 टॉपिक में से 28 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 263 टॉपिक देखें →

• SECTION A: FOREST GENETICS

  82 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Basic principles

• SECTION B: FOREST TREE BREEDING

  15 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Techniques of tree breeding

• SECTION C: APPLIED TREE IMPROVEMENT

  50 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Species and provenance testing

• SECTION D: STATISTICAL METHODS AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS

  20 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Frequency distribution

इस विषय के 167 टॉपिक में से 4 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 167 टॉपिक देखें →

• Introduction

  4 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Hydrological cycle

• Atmospheric Water System and climate

  6 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Characteristics of Atmosphere

• Precipitation

  5 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Precipitation types

• Hydrologic Abstractions

  12 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Interception and depression storage

• Hydrometry

  8 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Gauge and discharge sites

• Runoff

  11 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Factor affecting

• Frequency Analysis

  8 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Random variables

• Groundwater

  5 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Types of aquifers

• Soil and water conservation

  6 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Basics of soil and water conservation

इस विषय के 65 टॉपिक में से 9 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 65 टॉपिक देखें →

• History

  5 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Historical perspectives of forest/plant diseases

• Concept of tree disease

  9 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • What is a disease

• Pathogens

  9 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Fungi

• Abiotic disorders

  0 टॉपिक

• Disease diagnoses

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Symptoms and signs

• Disease epidemiology

  5 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Disease cycles (monocyclic vs. polycyclic)

• Disease resistance and host defence mechanisms

  10 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Structural

• Forest disease management

  7 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Principles of disease management

• Seed diseases

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Internal and external seed borne diseases

• Nursery diseases

  7 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Damping off (Pythium, Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, etc.)

• Foliar diseases

  5 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Powdery and downy mildew

• Stem and bark diseases

  12 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Canker

• Root diseases

  4 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Root rots- (Ganoderma., Armillaria mellea, Phytophthora, etc.)

• Rot, decay and stain

  4 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • White root rot (Rigidoporus microporus)

• Emerging diseases

  5 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Neem dieback

• Tools in forest pathology

  8 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Bioinformatics

इस विषय के 96 टॉपिक में से 15 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 96 टॉपिक देखें →

• Definition and concept of soil

  23 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • weathering and soil formation

• Mineralogical properties of soil

  1 टॉपिक

  • important primary and secondary minerals and their influence on soil behavior

• Physical properties of soil

  14 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • texture

• Chemical properties of soil

  14 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • formation of organic and inorganic soil colloids

• Biological properties of soil

  11 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Role of macro- and micro organisms and their influence on soil conditions

• Concept of chemical analysis

  13 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Solution reactions

• Mineral nutrition

  15 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • essential nutrient elements for plant growth as per Arnon's essentiality criteria, Macro- and micro-nutrients and their role in plant growth and development, deficiency symptoms, nutrient deficiency induced plant ailments such as khaira disease of rice, heart rots in fruits and vegetables, Lime induced iron chlorosis, major organic and inorganic sources of nutrients for environment friendly biomass production cultures

• Soil fertility evaluation

  17 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • soil testing

• Application of statistics for experimental designs

  2 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • analysis of variance

• Soil survey and classification

  10 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Types of soil survey

• Organic and inorganic fertilizers

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • Soil erosion

• Major constraints of Indian soils for raising biomass productivity and measures for improvement

  3 में से 1 टॉपिक

  • role of soil in mitigating impact of GHGs

इस विषय के 126 टॉपिक में से 12 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 126 टॉपिक देखें →