Forestry Research ICFRE

• Cryptogams

  5 में से 3 टॉपिक

  • Algae
  • Fungi
  • Bryophytes

• Phanerogams

  8 में से 3 टॉपिक

  • Gymnosperms
  • Concept of Progymonosperms
  • Classification and distribution of Gymnosperms

• Angiosperm

  132 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Plants morphology, Inflorescences, Botanical Nomenclature- Salient Features of the International Code of Nomenclature (ICN), Principles, Type method, author citation, Publication of names, rejection of names
  • Basionym

• Plant Anatomy

  79 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Basic structure and function of plant cells
  • Parenchyma

• Microbiology and Plant Pathology

  17 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Viruses
  • bacteria

• Plant Utility and Exploitation

  15 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Origin of cultivated plants
  • Vavilov's centres of origin

• Morphogenesis

  7 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Totipotency
  • polarity

• Cell Biology

  17 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Techniques of Cell Biology
  • Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells -structural and ultrastructural details

• Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution

  15 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Development of genetics
  • gene versus allele concepts (Pseudoalleles)

• Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and Biostatistics

  6 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Methods of plant breeding -- introduction
  • selection and hybridization (pedigree, backcross, mass selection, bulk method)

• Physiology and Biochemistry

  21 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Water relations
  • Mineral nutrition and ion transport

• Ecology and Plant Geography

  19 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Ecological factors
  • Concepts and dynamics of community

इस विषय के 341 टॉपिक में से 26 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 341 टॉपिक देखें →

• Organic Chemistry

  67 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Organic Nomenclature
  • IUPAC nomenclature of organic molecules including regio- and stereoisomers

• Inorganic Chemistry

  69 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Chemical periodicity
  • Basic concept of periodicity

• Physical Chemistry

  71 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Basic principles

• Recent and Applied Chemistry

  5 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • General concepts and applications
  • Environmental and Green chemistry

इस विषय के 212 टॉपिक में से 8 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 212 टॉपिक देखें →

• Insect Biodiversity and Biosystematics

  22 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Evolution of insects
  • introduction to class Insecta and its position in phylum Arthropoda

• Commercial Entomology and other beneficial insects

  11 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Apiculture
  • Lac culture

• Insects and climate change

  0 टॉपिक

• Ecological indicators of forest health

  0 टॉपिक

• Bioinformatics

  0 टॉपिक

• Insect Morphology

  20 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Insect body structure
  • cuticular outgrowths

• Insect Physiology and Anatomy

  39 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Scope and importance of insect anatomy and physiology
  • anatomy and physiology of digestive

• Insect Ecology

  16 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Concept of ecology, environment and its components-biotic and abiotic factors and their effects on growth, development, population dynamics, distribution and dispersal
  • Principle of biogeography and insects biodiversity

• Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

  20 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • History
  • principles and concepts of IPM

• Host Plant Resistance

  14 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Chemical ecology
  • mechano and chemo receptors

• Biological Control of Insect Pests

  8 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Importance, scope, components and concepts of biological control, history of biological control: Important entomophagous insect orders and families
  • Evaluation and application of bio-control agents against insect pests for forest tree species

• Chemical Control and Toxicology

  16 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • History
  • scope and principles of chemical control

• Insect Pests and their Management

  27 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Classification of forest insect pests
  • type of damages and symptoms

• Recent Trends in Entomology

  13 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Molecular insect systematic and taxonomy
  • genetic improvement and insect gene transformation of natural enemies

इस विषय के 206 टॉपिक में से 22 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 206 टॉपिक देखें →

• Fundamentals of Ecology

  44 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Introduction
  • Definition

• Ecosystem Analysis

  17 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Major ecosystems
  • Concept of Biosphere and ecosystem

• Forest Ecology

  8 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Forest types of India
  • structure and biota

• Conservation Ecology

  16 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Introduction
  • Definition of conservation

• Restoration Ecology

  29 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Introduction
  • Definition

• Pollution and Climatic Change

  6 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Air
  • water

इस विषय के 120 टॉपिक में से 12 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 120 टॉपिक देखें →

• Basics of Forest Economics and associated quantitative methods

  35 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Micro and macroeconomics
  • Relevance of economics to forestry sector

• Production Forestry

  13 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Concept of Production Functions (Single and Multiple Input cases)
  • their characteristics and forms

• Markets and firms

  43 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Definition of Market
  • Role of markets in forestry sector

• Non-Timber Forest Products and Forest Valuation, Forest Resource Economics

  30 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Forest based ecosystem services
  • Direct

• Applications of Forest Economics

  42 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Sources of revenue
  • Risk and Uncertainty

इस विषय के 163 टॉपिक में से 10 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 163 टॉपिक देखें →

• Silviculture

  26 टॉपिक

  • Forest ecosystem
  • classification of world’s forest vegetation
  • productivity and vegetation forms of India
  • forest composition
  • structure
  • stand dynamics
  • forest succession
  • forest types
  • competition and tolerance
  • ecophysiology of tree growth
  • natural regeneration
  • artificial regeneration
  • silvicultural systems
  • intermediate treatments
  • Forest site management
  • salvage cutting
  • improvement felling
  • coppice forestry and enrichment planting
  • Weeds
  • locality factors
  • selection of tree species
  • precision silviculture
  • silviculture of important trees
  • Forest Nursery
  • Seed collection
  • processing and storage

• Agroforestry

  20 टॉपिक

  • History in India
  • potential and scope
  • systems of the world and India
  • National Agroforestry Policy
  • Agroforestry Classification
  • agroforestry in food security
  • wasteland development
  • soil and water conservation
  • soil productivity enhancement and climate change mitigation
  • Principle and criteria for selection of agroforestry tree species
  • Tree –crop interactions
  • crop planning and management
  • integrated farming system
  • fodder production
  • tropical home gardens
  • taungyas
  • alley cropping
  • Integrated Watershed Management
  • Biomass production for fuel wood
  • small timber & raw materials for cottage industries

• Forest Biometry

  16 टॉपिक

  • Measurement of tree parameters
  • modern tools and techniques
  • estimation of volume
  • growth and yield
  • stand structure
  • volume
  • yield and stand tables
  • forest inventory
  • sampling methods
  • Forest site
  • classification and evaluation
  • Use of GPS
  • remote sensing and GIS
  • stand density
  • simulation techniques
  • prediction models

• Forest Management

  11 टॉपिक

  • Principles
  • scope and object
  • ecosystem management
  • development of forest management in India
  • Concept of sustained yield
  • normal Forest
  • site quality evaluation and importance
  • classical approaches to yield regulation
  • salient features and strategies
  • forest valuation and appraisal
  • Carbon stock assessment

• Forest Products and Forest Industries

  34 टॉपिक

  • forest based industries
  • importance
  • chemistry of forest products
  • cell wall constituents
  • logging
  • wood conversion
  • seasoning
  • preservation
  • mechanical properties of wood
  • wood anatomy
  • composite wood
  • pulp
  • paper
  • charcoal
  • destructive distillation
  • use of wood of important forest species
  • plant sources and uses of gums
  • resins
  • katha
  • dyes
  • tannins
  • oils
  • fibres
  • raw drugs
  • bamboo and other non-wood products
  • extraction
  • processing and utilisation
  • chemical composition of oleoresin from major pine species
  • structural difference among different gums
  • chemical nature and uses of volatile oils
  • cutch
  • forest based dyes and pigments
  • use of wood of lesser known forest species
  • chemical composition of oleoresin

• Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation

  17 टॉपिक

  • forest ecology
  • forest productivity
  • ecology of forest landscapes
  • spatial heterogeneity
  • Grassland type
  • Types of grazing
  • Grassland management
  • conservation of natural resources
  • forest genetic resources: timber and non timber species
  • Survey
  • exploration and sampling strategies
  • Biological diversity and its significance to sustainable use
  • assessment methodologies
  • biodiversity conservation programmes
  • biodiversity linked ecosystem services
  • intellectual property rights
  • quarantine laws

• Forest Resource Management and Economics

  11 टॉपिक

  • economics in forest management
  • application of micro and macro-economics
  • demand and supply
  • marketing
  • forest capital theory
  • trade in forest products
  • Impact of economics
  • externalities and property rights
  • natural and environmental resource accounting
  • ecosystem services assessment methods
  • application of operations research tools in forest management

• Forest Protection

  11 टॉपिक

  • Important diseases and insect pests and their management
  • assessment of losses
  • vertebrate pests
  • adverse weather
  • pollutants
  • forest fires
  • wildlife damage and weeds
  • Biodegradation of wood
  • role of mycorrhiza
  • natural regulation of insect populations
  • developing resistance trees

• Forest Policy And Laws And International Conventions

  11 टॉपिक

  • National Forest Policies
  • principles of criminal law
  • Bhartiya Nyay Sanhita (BNS)
  • Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS)
  • Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA)
  • Forest laws
  • case studies & landmark judgments
  • Agroforestry Policy
  • Wildlife act
  • Forest Conservation act
  • Biodiversity act

• Reproductive Biology and Tree Improvement

  27 टॉपिक

  • Reproductive Biology
  • artificial vegetative propagation
  • special modes of reproduction
  • mating system dynamics
  • environmental effects on Sex expression
  • mechanism of pollination
  • Fertilization
  • seed and fruit development
  • dispersal
  • Gene flow mechanics
  • forest tree breeding
  • tree improvement and forest genetics
  • Variation in trees
  • natural variation in tree improvement
  • Seed biology
  • seed orchards selective breeding methods
  • plus tree selection
  • selection strategies
  • estimating genetic parameters and genetic gain
  • Heterosis breeding
  • species and racial hybridization
  • Polyploidy
  • aneuploidy and haploidy \
  • Biotechnology in tree improvement
  • mutation breeding
  • Economics of tree breeding
  • Clonal Forestry

• Forests And People

  24 टॉपिक

  • Forests and its importance
  • forest societies
  • interactions with people
  • social and cultural factors
  • afforestation programmes
  • forest conflicts
  • wildlife and human conflicts
  • important forest movements
  • gender dimension
  • tribal economy
  • pastoralists
  • management of commons and Common Property Resources (CPRs) and open access resources
  • sustainable livelihood
  • food security
  • eco-tourism
  • land use change
  • Forest rights
  • customary rights of people
  • community participation
  • biodiversity and ethnobotany
  • global environmental change and land use
  • resettlement
  • poverty alleviation and forests
  • role of NGOs and other CBOs community based organizations

• Plantation Forestry

  34 टॉपिक

  • Role of plantation forestry
  • plantation forestry in India and abroad
  • factors determining scale and rate
  • land suitability
  • choice of species
  • production technologies for quality planting stock
  • site preparation
  • planting
  • nutritional dynamics
  • irrigation
  • mechanization
  • protection
  • after care
  • pruning and thinning
  • rotation in plantation
  • failure of plantations
  • Impact of interaction and integration of plantation forestry
  • protective afforestation
  • afforestation of inhospitable sites
  • ecological factors and long term productivity
  • sustainable yield
  • post harvest practices
  • Wasteland plantation- Industrial Plantation- Corporate plantation- Contract plantation
  • Case studies in plantations of Eucalyptus
  • Casuarina
  • Poplars
  • Acacias
  • Pine
  • Silver Oak
  • Gmelina
  • Teak
  • Sandal
  • Bamboo
  • etc

• Environmental Conservation

  8 टॉपिक

  • Environmental degradation
  • pollution
  • environmental conservation
  • environment impact assessment
  • India's international obligation
  • International Conventions
  • global warming and Climate Change
  • impact of climate change and carbon sequestration

• Statistics (Research Methodology)

  13 टॉपिक

  • Statistics
  • definition
  • object and scope
  • frequency distribution
  • mean
  • median
  • mode and standard deviation
  • introduction to correlation and regression
  • experimental designs
  • basic principles
  • completely randomized
  • randomized block
  • Latin square and split plot designs

इस विषय के सभी 263 टॉपिक दिखाए गए हैं।कम टॉपिक दिखाएँ

• SECTION A: FOREST GENETICS

  82 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Basic principles
  • Introduction to forest genetics

• SECTION B: FOREST TREE BREEDING

  15 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Techniques of tree breeding
  • Self- and cross-pollinated tree species

• SECTION C: APPLIED TREE IMPROVEMENT

  50 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Species and provenance testing
  • plus trees and their selection methods

• SECTION D: STATISTICAL METHODS AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS

  20 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Frequency distribution
  • measures of central tendency

इस विषय के 167 टॉपिक में से 8 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 167 टॉपिक देखें →

• Introduction

  4 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Hydrological cycle
  • components of hydrologic cycle

• Atmospheric Water System and climate

  6 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Characteristics of Atmosphere
  • Atmospheric circulation patterns

• Precipitation

  5 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Precipitation types
  • measurements

• Hydrologic Abstractions

  12 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Interception and depression storage
  • Evaporation

• Hydrometry

  8 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Gauge and discharge sites
  • site suitability

• Runoff

  11 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Factor affecting
  • runoff characteristics of stream

• Frequency Analysis

  8 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Random variables
  • Probability distribution functions

• Groundwater

  5 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Types of aquifers
  • ground water recharge

• Soil and water conservation

  6 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Basics of soil and water conservation
  • suitability & site selection for different types of water conservation measure

इस विषय के 65 टॉपिक में से 18 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 65 टॉपिक देखें →

• History

  5 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Historical perspectives of forest/plant diseases
  • Major epidemics and their social impacts

• Concept of tree disease

  9 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • What is a disease
  • Causes of diseases

• Pathogens

  9 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Fungi
  • oomycetes

• Abiotic disorders

  0 टॉपिक

• Disease diagnoses

  3 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Symptoms and signs
  • Microscopy and micrometry

• Disease epidemiology

  5 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Disease cycles (monocyclic vs. polycyclic)
  • Environmental influences (including climate change leading to shifts in pathogen distribution and increased susceptibility due to stress

• Disease resistance and host defence mechanisms

  10 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Structural
  • biochemical and genetic resistance

• Forest disease management

  7 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Principles of disease management
  • Cultural (silvicultural practices, sanitation, etc.)

• Seed diseases

  3 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Internal and external seed borne diseases
  • for eg

• Nursery diseases

  7 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Damping off (Pythium, Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, etc.)
  • Leaf spot and blight (Alternaria, Colletotrichum spp.)

• Foliar diseases

  5 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Powdery and downy mildew
  • Leaf spot and blight

• Stem and bark diseases

  12 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Canker
  • Heart rot (Ganoderma, Fomes, etc.)

• Root diseases

  4 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Root rots- (Ganoderma., Armillaria mellea, Phytophthora, etc.)
  • Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)

• Rot, decay and stain

  4 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • White root rot (Rigidoporus microporus)
  • Brown cubical rot (Laetiporus sulphureus)

• Emerging diseases

  5 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Neem dieback
  • Poplar dieback

• Tools in forest pathology

  8 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Bioinformatics
  • PCR

इस विषय के 96 टॉपिक में से 30 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 96 टॉपिक देखें →

• Definition and concept of soil

  23 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • weathering and soil formation
  • soil profile development

• Mineralogical properties of soil

  1 टॉपिक

  • important primary and secondary minerals and their influence on soil behavior

• Physical properties of soil

  14 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • texture
  • structure

• Chemical properties of soil

  14 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • formation of organic and inorganic soil colloids
  • types of clay minerals

• Biological properties of soil

  11 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Role of macro- and micro organisms and their influence on soil conditions
  • important microflora involved in mineralization of nutrient elements

• Concept of chemical analysis

  13 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Solution reactions
  • titrimetric analysis

• Mineral nutrition

  15 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • essential nutrient elements for plant growth as per Arnon's essentiality criteria, Macro- and micro-nutrients and their role in plant growth and development, deficiency symptoms, nutrient deficiency induced plant ailments such as khaira disease of rice, heart rots in fruits and vegetables, Lime induced iron chlorosis, major organic and inorganic sources of nutrients for environment friendly biomass production cultures
  • soil fertility, management of soil fertility for sustainable yields under different climatic conditions, poly houses, minimum tillage cultures

• Soil fertility evaluation

  17 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • soil testing
  • plant and tissue tests and biological methods

• Application of statistics for experimental designs

  2 टॉपिक

  • analysis of variance
  • correlations for data interpretations

• Soil survey and classification

  10 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Types of soil survey
  • basis for selection of suitable method of survey

• Organic and inorganic fertilizers

  3 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • Soil erosion
  • types and causes of erosion

• Major constraints of Indian soils for raising biomass productivity and measures for improvement

  3 में से 2 टॉपिक

  • role of soil in mitigating impact of GHGs
  • climate change leading to global warming

इस विषय के 126 टॉपिक में से 23 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 126 टॉपिक देखें →