Forestry Research ICFRE

• Cryptogams

  5 टॉपिक

  • Algae
  • Fungi
  • Bryophytes
  • Pteridophytes - structure and reproduction from evolutonary viewpoint
  • Distribution of Cryptogams in India and their economic potential

• Phanerogams

  8 में से 5 टॉपिक

  • Gymnosperms
  • Concept of Progymonosperms
  • Classification and distribution of Gymnosperms
  • Salient features of Cycadales
  • Coniferrals and Gnetales

• Angiosperm

  132 में से 5 टॉपिक

  • Plants morphology, Inflorescences, Botanical Nomenclature- Salient Features of the International Code of Nomenclature (ICN), Principles, Type method, author citation, Publication of names, rejection of names
  • Basionym
  • synonym
  • tautonym etc. Principle of priority
  • limitations

• Plant Anatomy

  79 में से 5 टॉपिक

  • Basic structure and function of plant cells
  • Parenchyma
  • Collenchyma
  • Sclerenchyma
  • Tissue systems

• Microbiology and Plant Pathology

  17 में से 5 टॉपिक

  • Viruses
  • bacteria
  • and plasmids-structure and reproduction
  • Phyto-immunology
  • Applications of microbiology in agriculture

• Plant Utility and Exploitation

  15 में से 5 टॉपिक

  • Origin of cultivated plants
  • Vavilov's centres of origin
  • Plants as sources for timber
  • food
  • fodder

• Morphogenesis

  7 में से 5 टॉपिक

  • Totipotency
  • polarity
  • symmetry and differentiation
  • Cell
  • tissue

• Cell Biology

  17 में से 5 टॉपिक

  • Techniques of Cell Biology
  • Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells -structural and ultrastructural details
  • Structure and function of extracellular matrix or ECM (cell wall) and membranes-cell adhesion, membrane and vesicular transport
  • Structure and function of cell organelles
  • Nucleus

• Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution

  15 में से 5 टॉपिक

  • Development of genetics
  • gene versus allele concepts (Pseudoalleles)
  • Quantitative genetics and multiple factors
  • Linkage and crossing over
  • methods of gene mapping

• Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and Biostatistics

  6 में से 5 टॉपिक

  • Methods of plant breeding -- introduction
  • selection and hybridization (pedigree, backcross, mass selection, bulk method)
  • Male sterility and heterosis breeding
  • Use of apomixis in plant breeding
  • Micropropagation and genetic engineering methods of transfer of genes and transgenic crops

• Physiology and Biochemistry

  21 में से 5 टॉपिक

  • Water relations
  • Mineral nutrition and ion transport
  • mineral deficiencies
  • Photosynthesis
  • Respiraion

• Ecology and Plant Geography

  19 में से 5 टॉपिक

  • Ecological factors
  • Concepts and dynamics of community
  • Plant succession
  • Concepts of biosphere
  • Ecosystems and their conservation

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• Organic Chemistry

  67 में से 5 टॉपिक

  • Organic Nomenclature
  • IUPAC nomenclature of organic molecules including regio- and stereoisomers
  • Stereochemistry
  • Principles, chirality of organic molecules with or without chiral centres and determination of their absolute configurations, configurational and conformational isomerism in acyclic and cyclic compounds
  • stereogenicity

• Inorganic Chemistry

  69 में से 5 टॉपिक

  • Chemical periodicity
  • Basic concept of periodicity
  • periodic properties of s
  • d- and f-block elements
  • spectra and magnetic properties of Lanthanides and Actinides

• Physical Chemistry

  71 में से 5 टॉपिक

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Basic principles
  • operator algebra
  • exactlysolvable systems
  • particle-in-a-box

• Recent and Applied Chemistry

  5 टॉपिक

  • General concepts and applications
  • Environmental and Green chemistry
  • Nanaotechnology in chemistry
  • Medicinal chemistry
  • Supramolecular chemistry

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• Insect Biodiversity and Biosystematics

  22 में से 5 टॉपिक

  • Evolution of insects
  • introduction to class Insecta and its position in phylum Arthropoda
  • history of insect classification
  • phylogeny
  • evolution and nomenclature

• Commercial Entomology and other beneficial insects

  11 में से 5 टॉपिक

  • Apiculture
  • Lac culture
  • Sericulture
  • Pollinators
  • biocontrol agents of weeds

• Insects and climate change

  0 टॉपिक

• Ecological indicators of forest health

  0 टॉपिक

• Bioinformatics

  0 टॉपिक

• Insect Morphology

  20 में से 5 टॉपिक

  • Insect body structure
  • cuticular outgrowths
  • colouration and special integumentary structures in insects
  • body tagmata
  • sclerites and segmentation

• Insect Physiology and Anatomy

  39 में से 5 टॉपिक

  • Scope and importance of insect anatomy and physiology
  • anatomy and physiology of digestive
  • excretory
  • respiratory
  • circulatory

• Insect Ecology

  16 में से 5 टॉपिक

  • Concept of ecology, environment and its components-biotic and abiotic factors and their effects on growth, development, population dynamics, distribution and dispersal
  • Principle of biogeography and insects biodiversity
  • Biotic potential and environmental resistance
  • Ecosystems
  • agroecosystems analysis

• Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

  20 में से 5 टॉपिक

  • History
  • principles and concepts of IPM
  • ecological and socioeconomic aspects
  • concept of injury level
  • Sampling and measuring for economic levels of damage

• Host Plant Resistance

  14 में से 5 टॉपिक

  • Chemical ecology
  • mechano and chemo receptors
  • Insect plant interactions
  • mechanism of host plant selection by insects
  • Defense mechanism of plants against phytophagus insect

• Biological Control of Insect Pests

  8 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Importance, scope, components and concepts of biological control, history of biological control: Important entomophagous insect orders and families
  • Evaluation and application of bio-control agents against insect pests for forest tree species
  • Principles and procedures of using exotic biocontrol agents
  • Mass multiplication techniques

• Chemical Control and Toxicology

  16 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • History
  • scope and principles of chemical control
  • Classification of insecticides
  • formulations

• Insect Pests and their Management

  27 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Classification of forest insect pests
  • type of damages and symptoms
  • Factors for outbreak of pests in plantation and natural forest
  • Distribution

• Recent Trends in Entomology

  13 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Molecular insect systematic and taxonomy
  • genetic improvement and insect gene transformation of natural enemies
  • and Relative insect resistance in plant species
  • Genetic engineering in baculoviruses

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• Fundamentals of Ecology

  44 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Introduction
  • Definition
  • evolutionary/historical background
  • principle and scope

• Ecosystem Analysis

  17 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Major ecosystems
  • Concept of Biosphere and ecosystem
  • evaluation of ecosystem
  • major biomes & biogeographic regions of India and world

• Forest Ecology

  8 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Forest types of India
  • structure and biota
  • mycorrrhizae and forests
  • forests and forestry in India

• Conservation Ecology

  16 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Introduction
  • Definition of conservation
  • postulates of conservation biology
  • the origin and evolution of living organisms

• Restoration Ecology

  29 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Introduction
  • Definition
  • aims and objectives of restoration
  • principles

• Pollution and Climatic Change

  6 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Air
  • water
  • soil and noise pollution
  • bioremediation

इस विषय के 120 टॉपिक में से 24 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 120 टॉपिक देखें →

• Basics of Forest Economics and associated quantitative methods

  35 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Micro and macroeconomics
  • Relevance of economics to forestry sector
  • Definition of Forest Industry Economics and Forest Management Economics
  • How Forest Economics is different from normal economics? Economic indicators of contribution of forestry to GDP of a country

• Production Forestry

  13 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Concept of Production Functions (Single and Multiple Input cases)
  • their characteristics and forms
  • Production Possibility Curve
  • Production theory as applied to forestry

• Markets and firms

  43 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Definition of Market
  • Role of markets in forestry sector
  • Forms and types of markets - Perfect Competition
  • Imperfect competition - Monopoly

• Non-Timber Forest Products and Forest Valuation, Forest Resource Economics

  30 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Forest based ecosystem services
  • Direct
  • indirect
  • use and non-use values

• Applications of Forest Economics

  42 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Sources of revenue
  • Risk and Uncertainty
  • Treatment of time horizons
  • Concept of Rotation

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• Silviculture

  26 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Forest ecosystem
  • classification of world’s forest vegetation
  • productivity and vegetation forms of India
  • forest composition

• Agroforestry

  20 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • History in India
  • potential and scope
  • systems of the world and India
  • National Agroforestry Policy

• Forest Biometry

  16 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Measurement of tree parameters
  • modern tools and techniques
  • estimation of volume
  • growth and yield

• Forest Management

  11 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Principles
  • scope and object
  • ecosystem management
  • development of forest management in India

• Forest Products and Forest Industries

  34 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • forest based industries
  • importance
  • chemistry of forest products
  • cell wall constituents

• Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation

  17 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • forest ecology
  • forest productivity
  • ecology of forest landscapes
  • spatial heterogeneity

• Forest Resource Management and Economics

  11 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • economics in forest management
  • application of micro and macro-economics
  • demand and supply
  • marketing

• Forest Protection

  11 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Important diseases and insect pests and their management
  • assessment of losses
  • vertebrate pests
  • adverse weather

• Forest Policy And Laws And International Conventions

  11 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • National Forest Policies
  • principles of criminal law
  • Bhartiya Nyay Sanhita (BNS)
  • Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS)

• Reproductive Biology and Tree Improvement

  27 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Reproductive Biology
  • artificial vegetative propagation
  • special modes of reproduction
  • mating system dynamics

• Forests And People

  24 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Forests and its importance
  • forest societies
  • interactions with people
  • social and cultural factors

• Plantation Forestry

  34 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Role of plantation forestry
  • plantation forestry in India and abroad
  • factors determining scale and rate
  • land suitability

• Environmental Conservation

  8 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Environmental degradation
  • pollution
  • environmental conservation
  • environment impact assessment

• Statistics (Research Methodology)

  13 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Statistics
  • definition
  • object and scope
  • frequency distribution

इस विषय के 263 टॉपिक में से 56 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 263 टॉपिक देखें →

• SECTION A: FOREST GENETICS

  82 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Basic principles
  • Introduction to forest genetics
  • tree breeding and its applications
  • Inheritance of genetic information

• SECTION B: FOREST TREE BREEDING

  15 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Techniques of tree breeding
  • Self- and cross-pollinated tree species
  • natives and exotics with their origin and distribution
  • Definition and scope of tree breeding

• SECTION C: APPLIED TREE IMPROVEMENT

  50 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Species and provenance testing
  • plus trees and their selection methods
  • progeny testing and identification of elite trees
  • Production of quality seeds and seed certification

• SECTION D: STATISTICAL METHODS AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS

  20 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Frequency distribution
  • measures of central tendency
  • probability theory and its application in genetics
  • Tests of significance

इस विषय के 167 टॉपिक में से 16 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 167 टॉपिक देखें →

• Introduction

  4 टॉपिक

  • Hydrological cycle
  • components of hydrologic cycle
  • storage
  • water balance

• Atmospheric Water System and climate

  6 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Characteristics of Atmosphere
  • Atmospheric circulation patterns
  • weather systems
  • water vapour

• Precipitation

  5 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Precipitation types
  • measurements
  • analysis
  • mean precipitation

• Hydrologic Abstractions

  12 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Interception and depression storage
  • Evaporation
  • Evaporation processes
  • Influencing factors

• Hydrometry

  8 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Gauge and discharge sites
  • site suitability
  • river stage
  • flow velocity measurement

• Runoff

  11 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Factor affecting
  • runoff characteristics of stream
  • impact of forest type and forest cover on runoff
  • hydrograph-unit hydrograph

• Frequency Analysis

  8 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Random variables
  • Probability distribution functions
  • normal
  • log-normal

• Groundwater

  5 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Types of aquifers
  • ground water recharge
  • Darcy’s Law
  • Flow and storage parameters

• Soil and water conservation

  6 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Basics of soil and water conservation
  • suitability & site selection for different types of water conservation measure
  • Planning and design of Water conservation and rainwater harvesting measures
  • soil erosion

इस विषय के 65 टॉपिक में से 36 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 65 टॉपिक देखें →

• History

  5 टॉपिक

  • Historical perspectives of forest/plant diseases
  • Major epidemics and their social impacts
  • Key contributors
  • Importance of tree/plant diseases
  • Common pathological terms

• Concept of tree disease

  9 टॉपिक

  • What is a disease
  • Causes of diseases
  • Classification of diseases
  • Types of diseases
  • Disease triangle
  • Disease cycle
  • Parasitism
  • Pathogenicity
  • Events in disease development

• Pathogens

  9 टॉपिक

  • Fungi
  • oomycetes
  • bacteria
  • viruses
  • viroids
  • phytoplasma
  • spiroplasma
  • phanerogamic plant parasites and nematodes and their characteristics
  • Common survival and dispersal methods

• Abiotic disorders

  0 टॉपिक

• Disease diagnoses

  3 टॉपिक

  • Symptoms and signs
  • Microscopy and micrometry
  • Molecular tools in pathogen detection including serology (ELISA) and DNA-based tools (DNA barcoding, LAMP, Next Generation Sequencing, etc)

• Disease epidemiology

  5 टॉपिक

  • Disease cycles (monocyclic vs. polycyclic)
  • Environmental influences (including climate change leading to shifts in pathogen distribution and increased susceptibility due to stress
  • Vector (insects, human activities, etc.)
  • Disease forecasting
  • Remote sensing and GIS applications

• Disease resistance and host defence mechanisms

  10 टॉपिक

  • Structural
  • biochemical and genetic resistance
  • Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR)
  • Hypersensitive response
  • Breeding trees for disease-resistance
  • Gene for Gene hypothesis
  • Enzymes and toxins
  • Disease resistant genes
  • Hypovirulence
  • Cross protection

• Forest disease management

  7 टॉपिक

  • Principles of disease management
  • Cultural (silvicultural practices, sanitation, etc.)
  • Chemical (fungicides, antibiotics, etc.)
  • Biological (antagonistic microbes, PGPR, Trichoderma, mycorrhizae, etc.)
  • Quarantine and regulatory measures including timber import/ export
  • Integrated Disease Management (IDM) approaches
  • Genome editing

• Seed diseases

  3 टॉपिक

  • Internal and external seed borne diseases
  • for eg
  • seed rot fungi (Aspergillus, Penicillium, etc.)

• Nursery diseases

  7 टॉपिक

  • Damping off (Pythium, Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, etc.)
  • Leaf spot and blight (Alternaria, Colletotrichum spp.)
  • Powdery mildew (Erysiphe, Podosphaera, Golovinomyces, etc.)
  • Wilt Disease (Fusarium, Verticillium.)
  • Root rot (Phytophthora, Fusarium, etc.)
  • Bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum)
  • Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.)

• Foliar diseases

  5 टॉपिक

  • Powdery and downy mildew
  • Leaf spot and blight
  • Rust
  • Wilt
  • Viral diseases

• Stem and bark diseases

  12 टॉपिक

  • Canker
  • Heart rot (Ganoderma, Fomes, etc.)
  • Stem canker (Botryosphaeria, Nectria, Cryphonectria parasitica, etc.)
  • Pink disease (Erythricium salmonicolor)
  • Charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina)
  • Bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum)
  • Sandal spike disease (Phytoplasma)
  • Bamboo blight (Fusarium moniliforme, Sarocladium oryzae)
  • Mistletoe (Himalayan dwarf mistletoe) Dendrophthoe falcata
  • Loranthus
  • etc.)
  • Dodder (Cuscuta)

• Root diseases

  4 टॉपिक

  • Root rots- (Ganoderma., Armillaria mellea, Phytophthora, etc.)
  • Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)
  • Pine wilt nematode
  • Shisham wilt

• Rot, decay and stain

  4 टॉपिक

  • White root rot (Rigidoporus microporus)
  • Brown cubical rot (Laetiporus sulphureus)
  • bacterial soft rot
  • sap stain (Ceratocystis)

• Emerging diseases

  5 टॉपिक

  • Neem dieback
  • Poplar dieback
  • Sudden Oak Death (Phytophthora ramorum)
  • Dieback (Diplodia, Botryosphaeria, etc.)
  • Sooty mold (Capnodium sp.)

• Tools in forest pathology

  8 टॉपिक

  • Bioinformatics
  • PCR
  • qRT PCR
  • NGS
  • NCBI
  • GenBank
  • EMBL
  • culture collections and pathogen databases

इस विषय के सभी 96 टॉपिक दिखाए गए हैं।कम टॉपिक दिखाएँ

• Definition and concept of soil

  23 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • weathering and soil formation
  • soil profile development
  • features of a typical soil profile
  • Composition of earth crust and its relationship with soils

• Mineralogical properties of soil

  1 टॉपिक

  • important primary and secondary minerals and their influence on soil behavior

• Physical properties of soil

  14 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • texture
  • structure
  • density
  • temperature

• Chemical properties of soil

  14 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • formation of organic and inorganic soil colloids
  • types of clay minerals
  • clay : humus complex
  • soil pH

• Biological properties of soil

  11 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Role of macro- and micro organisms and their influence on soil conditions
  • important microflora involved in mineralization of nutrient elements
  • biological nitrogen fixation and role of associated microbes (for both symbiotic and non-symbiotic processes)
  • role of mycorhhiza in mineralization of nutrients in degraded soil

• Concept of chemical analysis

  13 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Solution reactions
  • titrimetric analysis
  • concept of standard solution
  • Indicators: theory and applications

• Mineral nutrition

  15 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • essential nutrient elements for plant growth as per Arnon's essentiality criteria, Macro- and micro-nutrients and their role in plant growth and development, deficiency symptoms, nutrient deficiency induced plant ailments such as khaira disease of rice, heart rots in fruits and vegetables, Lime induced iron chlorosis, major organic and inorganic sources of nutrients for environment friendly biomass production cultures
  • soil fertility, management of soil fertility for sustainable yields under different climatic conditions, poly houses, minimum tillage cultures
  • permaculture
  • assessment/evaluation of soil fertility for optimum/balanced use of nutrients

• Soil fertility evaluation

  17 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • soil testing
  • plant and tissue tests and biological methods
  • Common soil test methods for fertilizer recommendation
  • Soil test-crop response correlations

• Application of statistics for experimental designs

  2 टॉपिक

  • analysis of variance
  • correlations for data interpretations

• Soil survey and classification

  10 में से 4 टॉपिक

  • Types of soil survey
  • basis for selection of suitable method of survey
  • soil classification
  • important soil orders

• Organic and inorganic fertilizers

  3 टॉपिक

  • Soil erosion
  • types and causes of erosion
  • conservation measures and watershed management

• Major constraints of Indian soils for raising biomass productivity and measures for improvement

  3 टॉपिक

  • role of soil in mitigating impact of GHGs
  • climate change leading to global warming
  • soil as a source/ sink for carbon and carbon cycle

इस विषय के 126 टॉपिक में से 41 दिखाए गए हैं।सभी 126 टॉपिक देखें →