Forestry Research ICFRE

• Cryptogams

  5 topics

  • Algae
  • Fungi
  • Bryophytes
  • Pteridophytes - structure and reproduction from evolutonary viewpoint
  • Distribution of Cryptogams in India and their economic potential

• Phanerogams

  8 topics

  • Gymnosperms
  • Concept of Progymonosperms
  • Classification and distribution of Gymnosperms
  • Salient features of Cycadales
  • Coniferrals and Gnetales
  • their structures and reproduction
  • General account of Cycadofilicales
  • Bennettitales and Cordaitales

• Angiosperm

  132 topics

  • Plants morphology, Inflorescences, Botanical Nomenclature- Salient Features of the International Code of Nomenclature (ICN), Principles, Type method, author citation, Publication of names, rejection of names
  • Basionym
  • synonym
  • tautonym etc. Principle of priority
  • limitations
  • conservation of names of species
  • The Species concept
  • Taxonomic hierarchy
  • Species
  • Genus and Family Taxonomic evidence: Morphology
  • anatomy
  • palynology
  • Numerical
  • Cytology
  • Phytochemistry
  • Embryology
  • Evolution of Angiosperm (Phylogenetic tree)
  • Molecular systematics
  • Concepts and methods
  • Taxonomic Tools
  • Herbaria and herbarium techniques
  • methods plants collections and documentation
  • preparation and preservation of herbarium specimens
  • herbarium operations
  • virtual herbarium
  • major herbaria of the world and India
  • Functions of Herbaria
  • Botanical Gardens and Arboretum
  • Systems of angiosperm classification (Artificial, natural and phylogenetic system of classification including Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system
  • Numerical Taxonomy
  • Chemotaxonomy
  • Taxonomy in relation to anatomy
  • serology and molecular study
  • Dendrology
  • Uses of important economic species
  • Floristic regions of the world
  • Floristic Composition of India
  • description and composition of Himalayan
  • Peninsular and Desert vegetation
  • Biodiversity Act
  • Role of National Biodiversity Authority (NBA) in biodiversity management
  • CBD and environmental protocols
  • Details of all families with special emphasis on important families
  • Ranunculaceae
  • Magnoliaceae
  • Anonaceae
  • Berbeidaceae
  • Capparidaceae
  • Pittosporaceae
  • Tamariaceae
  • Hypericaceae
  • Malvaceae
  • Sterculaceae
  • Tiliaceae
  • Linaceae
  • Malphiginaceae
  • Rutaceae
  • Simarubiaceae
  • Burseraceae
  • Meliaceae
  • Olacaceae
  • Ilicaceae
  • Celastraceae
  • Rhamnaceae
  • Sapindaceae
  • Sabiaceae
  • Anacardiaceae
  • Moringaceae
  • Fabaceae
  • Rosaceae
  • Saxifragaceae
  • Rhizophoraceae
  • Combtretaceae
  • Myrtaceae
  • Melastomaceae
  • Lythraceae
  • Samydaceae
  • Cactaceae
  • Araliaceae
  • Cornaceae
  • Caprifoliaceae
  • Rubiaceae
  • Asteraceae
  • Ericaceae
  • Plumbaginaceae
  • Myrsinaceae
  • Sapotaceae
  • Ebenaceae
  • Styraceae
  • Oleaceae
  • Apocynaceae
  • Asclepiadaceae
  • Fagaceae
  • Loganiceae
  • Boraginaceae
  • Convolvulaceae
  • Solanceae
  • Schrophulariaceae
  • Bibnoniaceae
  • Achanthaceae
  • Vervenaceae
  • Labiatae
  • Nyctaginaceae
  • Amaranthaceae
  • Chenopodiaceae
  • Polygonaceae
  • Piperaceae
  • Lauraceae
  • Proteaceae
  • Thymelaeaceae
  • Elaegnaceae
  • Loranthaceae
  • Santalaceae
  • Euphorbiaceae
  • Myricaceae
  • Betulaceae
  • Salicaceae
  • Junglandaceae
  • Cupuliferae
  • Scitamineae
  • Dioscoreaceae
  • Orchidaceae
  • Liliaceae
  • Arecaceae
  • Typhaceae
  • Araceae
  • Cyperaceae
  • Gramineae
  • Cupressaceae
  • Pinaceae
  • Cycadaceae
  • Gnetaceae

• Plant Anatomy

  79 topics

  • Basic structure and function of plant cells
  • Parenchyma
  • Collenchyma
  • Sclerenchyma
  • Tissue systems
  • Dermal
  • Ground
  • and Vascular tissues
  • Primary and secondary growth in plants
  • Structure and function of xylem and phloem
  • Meristematic tissues
  • Apical
  • Lateral
  • and Intercalary meristems
  • Xylem
  • Types of tracheary elements (tracheids, vessels)
  • fibers
  • and parenchyma
  • Phloem
  • Sieve elements
  • companion cells
  • phloem parenchyma
  • and fibers
  • Vascular bundles
  • Arrangement in dicots and monocots ( Stem, Roots and Leaves)
  • Structure of wood
  • Xylem tissue
  • formation of growth rings
  • early wood and late wood
  • Heartwood and Sapwood
  • Vessels and tracheids
  • Role and structure
  • Bordered pits
  • Tyloses
  • Stomata and their types
  • Anomalous secondary growth
  • Anatomy of C 3 and C 4 plants
  • Dendrochronology
  • Fossil wood
  • Tools and Techniques in Plant Anatomy
  • Light microscopy
  • Bright field
  • phase contrast
  • and fluorescence microscopy
  • Electron microscopy: Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy (TEM, SEM)
  • Confocal microscopy and its application in plant tissue analysis
  • Preparation of plant tissues for microscopic study (fixation, embedding, sectioning)
  • Staining methods for specific tissue identification
  • Microtomy
  • Types of microtomes and their application
  • Techniques for preparing thin sections of wood
  • leaves
  • roots
  • and stems
  • Maceration techniques for isolating plant cells
  • Plant Embryology
  • Male and female gametophytes
  • Development and structure of pollen grain and ovule, Pollination mechanisms: Abiotic and biotic agents of pollination, Fertilization process: Pollen tube growth and double fertilization in angiosperms
  • Embryogenesis
  • Development of the zygote into the proembryo
  • Developmental stages of the embryo: Globular
  • heart-shaped
  • and torpedo stages
  • Formation of cotyledons
  • epicotyl
  • hypocotyl
  • and radicle
  • Embryonic tissue differentiation: Meristematic regions
  • vascular tissues
  • Types of endosperm
  • Nuclear
  • cellular
  • and helobial
  • Seed development and maturation
  • Seed coat development and role in protection
  • Dormancy mechanisms and factors influencing seed germination
  • Polyembryony
  • Apomixis
  • Application of palynology

• Microbiology and Plant Pathology

  17 topics

  • Viruses
  • bacteria
  • and plasmids-structure and reproduction
  • Phyto-immunology
  • Applications of microbiology in agriculture
  • industry
  • medicine and pollution control in air
  • soil and water
  • Important plant diseases caused by viruses
  • mycoplasma
  • fungi and nematodes
  • Mode of infection and dissemination
  • Molecular basis of infection and disease resistance/defence
  • Physiology of parasitism and control measures
  • Fungal toxins
  • Modelling and disease forecasting
  • Plant quarantine

• Plant Utility and Exploitation

  15 topics

  • Origin of cultivated plants
  • Vavilov's centres of origin
  • Plants as sources for timber
  • food
  • fodder
  • gums
  • resins
  • dyes
  • fibres
  • spices
  • beverages
  • drugs
  • narcotics and insecticides
  • Importance of Ethnobotany
  • Energy plantation

• Morphogenesis

  7 topics

  • Totipotency
  • polarity
  • symmetry and differentiation
  • Cell
  • tissue
  • organ and protoplast culture
  • Somatic hybrids and Cybrids

• Cell Biology

  17 topics

  • Techniques of Cell Biology
  • Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells -structural and ultrastructural details
  • Structure and function of extracellular matrix or ECM (cell wall) and membranes-cell adhesion, membrane and vesicular transport
  • Structure and function of cell organelles
  • Nucleus
  • nucleolus
  • nuclear pore complex
  • Chromatin and nucleosome
  • DNA and RNA
  • Cell signalling and cell receptors
  • Signal transduction (G-1 proteins, etc.)
  • Mitosis and meisdosis
  • molecular basis of cell cycle
  • Numerical and structural variations in chromosomes and their significance
  • Study of polytene
  • lampbrush and B-chromosomes structure
  • behaviour and significance

• Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution

  15 topics

  • Development of genetics
  • gene versus allele concepts (Pseudoalleles)
  • Quantitative genetics and multiple factors
  • Linkage and crossing over
  • methods of gene mapping
  • Sex chromosomes and sex-linked inheritance
  • sex determination and molecular basis of sex differentiation
  • Mutation (biochemical and molecular basis)
  • Cytoplasmic inheritance and cytoplasmic genes
  • Prions and prion hypothesis
  • Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids and protines
  • Genetic code and regulation of gene expression
  • Multigene families
  • Organic evolution-evidences
  • mechanism and theories

• Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and Biostatistics

  6 topics

  • Methods of plant breeding -- introduction
  • selection and hybridization (pedigree, backcross, mass selection, bulk method)
  • Male sterility and heterosis breeding
  • Use of apomixis in plant breeding
  • Micropropagation and genetic engineering methods of transfer of genes and transgenic crops
  • development and use of molecular markers in plant breeding

• Physiology and Biochemistry

  21 topics

  • Water relations
  • Mineral nutrition and ion transport
  • mineral deficiencies
  • Photosynthesis
  • Respiraion
  • Nitrogen fixation
  • Enzymes
  • coenzymes
  • energy transfer and energy conservation
  • Importance of secondary metabolites
  • Pigments as photoreceptors
  • Photoperiodism and flowering
  • senescence
  • Growth substances-their chemical nature
  • growth indices
  • growth movements
  • Stress physiology
  • Fruit and seed physiology
  • Dormancy
  • storage and germination of seed
  • Fruit ripening

• Ecology and Plant Geography

  19 topics

  • Ecological factors
  • Concepts and dynamics of community
  • Plant succession
  • Concepts of biosphere
  • Ecosystems and their conservation
  • Pollution and its control
  • Phytogeographical and biogeographical regions of India
  • Protected Areas
  • Forest types of India
  • afforestation
  • deforestation and social forestry
  • IUCN
  • CITES
  • IPCC
  • Threatened species
  • Endemism and Red Data Books
  • Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD)
  • Sovereign Rights and Intellectual Property Rights
  • Global warming

Showing all 341 topics in this subject.Show fewer topics

• Organic Chemistry

  2 of 67 topics

  • Organic Nomenclature
  • IUPAC nomenclature of organic molecules including regio- and stereoisomers

• Inorganic Chemistry

  2 of 69 topics

  • Chemical periodicity
  • Basic concept of periodicity

• Physical Chemistry

  2 of 71 topics

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Basic principles

• Recent and Applied Chemistry

  2 of 5 topics

  • General concepts and applications
  • Environmental and Green chemistry

Showing 8 of 212 topics in this subject.Show all 212 topics →

• Insect Biodiversity and Biosystematics

  2 of 22 topics

  • Evolution of insects
  • introduction to class Insecta and its position in phylum Arthropoda

• Commercial Entomology and other beneficial insects

  2 of 11 topics

  • Apiculture
  • Lac culture

• Insects and climate change

  0 topics

• Ecological indicators of forest health

  0 topics

• Bioinformatics

  0 topics

• Insect Morphology

  2 of 20 topics

  • Insect body structure
  • cuticular outgrowths

• Insect Physiology and Anatomy

  2 of 39 topics

  • Scope and importance of insect anatomy and physiology
  • anatomy and physiology of digestive

• Insect Ecology

  2 of 16 topics

  • Concept of ecology, environment and its components-biotic and abiotic factors and their effects on growth, development, population dynamics, distribution and dispersal
  • Principle of biogeography and insects biodiversity

• Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

  2 of 20 topics

  • History
  • principles and concepts of IPM

• Host Plant Resistance

  2 of 14 topics

  • Chemical ecology
  • mechano and chemo receptors

• Biological Control of Insect Pests

  2 of 8 topics

  • Importance, scope, components and concepts of biological control, history of biological control: Important entomophagous insect orders and families
  • Evaluation and application of bio-control agents against insect pests for forest tree species

• Chemical Control and Toxicology

  2 of 16 topics

  • History
  • scope and principles of chemical control

• Insect Pests and their Management

  2 of 27 topics

  • Classification of forest insect pests
  • type of damages and symptoms

• Recent Trends in Entomology

  2 of 13 topics

  • Molecular insect systematic and taxonomy
  • genetic improvement and insect gene transformation of natural enemies

Showing 22 of 206 topics in this subject.Show all 206 topics →

• Fundamentals of Ecology

  2 of 44 topics

  • Introduction
  • Definition

• Ecosystem Analysis

  2 of 17 topics

  • Major ecosystems
  • Concept of Biosphere and ecosystem

• Forest Ecology

  2 of 8 topics

  • Forest types of India
  • structure and biota

• Conservation Ecology

  2 of 16 topics

  • Introduction
  • Definition of conservation

• Restoration Ecology

  2 of 29 topics

  • Introduction
  • Definition

• Pollution and Climatic Change

  2 of 6 topics

  • Air
  • water

Showing 12 of 120 topics in this subject.Show all 120 topics →

• Basics of Forest Economics and associated quantitative methods

  2 of 35 topics

  • Micro and macroeconomics
  • Relevance of economics to forestry sector

• Production Forestry

  2 of 13 topics

  • Concept of Production Functions (Single and Multiple Input cases)
  • their characteristics and forms

• Markets and firms

  2 of 43 topics

  • Definition of Market
  • Role of markets in forestry sector

• Non-Timber Forest Products and Forest Valuation, Forest Resource Economics

  2 of 30 topics

  • Forest based ecosystem services
  • Direct

• Applications of Forest Economics

  2 of 42 topics

  • Sources of revenue
  • Risk and Uncertainty

Showing 10 of 163 topics in this subject.Show all 163 topics →

• Silviculture

  2 of 26 topics

  • Forest ecosystem
  • classification of world’s forest vegetation

• Agroforestry

  2 of 20 topics

  • History in India
  • potential and scope

• Forest Biometry

  2 of 16 topics

  • Measurement of tree parameters
  • modern tools and techniques

• Forest Management

  2 of 11 topics

  • Principles
  • scope and object

• Forest Products and Forest Industries

  2 of 34 topics

  • forest based industries
  • importance

• Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation

  2 of 17 topics

  • forest ecology
  • forest productivity

• Forest Resource Management and Economics

  2 of 11 topics

  • economics in forest management
  • application of micro and macro-economics

• Forest Protection

  2 of 11 topics

  • Important diseases and insect pests and their management
  • assessment of losses

• Forest Policy And Laws And International Conventions

  2 of 11 topics

  • National Forest Policies
  • principles of criminal law

• Reproductive Biology and Tree Improvement

  2 of 27 topics

  • Reproductive Biology
  • artificial vegetative propagation

• Forests And People

  2 of 24 topics

  • Forests and its importance
  • forest societies

• Plantation Forestry

  2 of 34 topics

  • Role of plantation forestry
  • plantation forestry in India and abroad

• Environmental Conservation

  2 of 8 topics

  • Environmental degradation
  • pollution

• Statistics (Research Methodology)

  2 of 13 topics

  • Statistics
  • definition

Showing 28 of 263 topics in this subject.Show all 263 topics →

• SECTION A: FOREST GENETICS

  1 of 82 topics

  • Basic principles

• SECTION B: FOREST TREE BREEDING

  1 of 15 topics

  • Techniques of tree breeding

• SECTION C: APPLIED TREE IMPROVEMENT

  1 of 50 topics

  • Species and provenance testing

• SECTION D: STATISTICAL METHODS AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS

  1 of 20 topics

  • Frequency distribution

Showing 4 of 167 topics in this subject.Show all 167 topics →

• Introduction

  1 of 4 topics

  • Hydrological cycle

• Atmospheric Water System and climate

  1 of 6 topics

  • Characteristics of Atmosphere

• Precipitation

  1 of 5 topics

  • Precipitation types

• Hydrologic Abstractions

  1 of 12 topics

  • Interception and depression storage

• Hydrometry

  1 of 8 topics

  • Gauge and discharge sites

• Runoff

  1 of 11 topics

  • Factor affecting

• Frequency Analysis

  1 of 8 topics

  • Random variables

• Groundwater

  1 of 5 topics

  • Types of aquifers

• Soil and water conservation

  1 of 6 topics

  • Basics of soil and water conservation

Showing 9 of 65 topics in this subject.Show all 65 topics →

• History

  1 of 5 topics

  • Historical perspectives of forest/plant diseases

• Concept of tree disease

  1 of 9 topics

  • What is a disease

• Pathogens

  1 of 9 topics

  • Fungi

• Abiotic disorders

  0 topics

• Disease diagnoses

  1 of 3 topics

  • Symptoms and signs

• Disease epidemiology

  1 of 5 topics

  • Disease cycles (monocyclic vs. polycyclic)

• Disease resistance and host defence mechanisms

  1 of 10 topics

  • Structural

• Forest disease management

  1 of 7 topics

  • Principles of disease management

• Seed diseases

  1 of 3 topics

  • Internal and external seed borne diseases

• Nursery diseases

  1 of 7 topics

  • Damping off (Pythium, Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, etc.)

• Foliar diseases

  1 of 5 topics

  • Powdery and downy mildew

• Stem and bark diseases

  1 of 12 topics

  • Canker

• Root diseases

  1 of 4 topics

  • Root rots- (Ganoderma., Armillaria mellea, Phytophthora, etc.)

• Rot, decay and stain

  1 of 4 topics

  • White root rot (Rigidoporus microporus)

• Emerging diseases

  1 of 5 topics

  • Neem dieback

• Tools in forest pathology

  1 of 8 topics

  • Bioinformatics

Showing 15 of 96 topics in this subject.Show all 96 topics →

• Definition and concept of soil

  1 of 23 topics

  • weathering and soil formation

• Mineralogical properties of soil

  1 topics

  • important primary and secondary minerals and their influence on soil behavior

• Physical properties of soil

  1 of 14 topics

  • texture

• Chemical properties of soil

  1 of 14 topics

  • formation of organic and inorganic soil colloids

• Biological properties of soil

  1 of 11 topics

  • Role of macro- and micro organisms and their influence on soil conditions

• Concept of chemical analysis

  1 of 13 topics

  • Solution reactions

• Mineral nutrition

  1 of 15 topics

  • essential nutrient elements for plant growth as per Arnon's essentiality criteria, Macro- and micro-nutrients and their role in plant growth and development, deficiency symptoms, nutrient deficiency induced plant ailments such as khaira disease of rice, heart rots in fruits and vegetables, Lime induced iron chlorosis, major organic and inorganic sources of nutrients for environment friendly biomass production cultures

• Soil fertility evaluation

  1 of 17 topics

  • soil testing

• Application of statistics for experimental designs

  1 of 2 topics

  • analysis of variance

• Soil survey and classification

  1 of 10 topics

  • Types of soil survey

• Organic and inorganic fertilizers

  1 of 3 topics

  • Soil erosion

• Major constraints of Indian soils for raising biomass productivity and measures for improvement

  1 of 3 topics

  • role of soil in mitigating impact of GHGs

Showing 12 of 126 topics in this subject.Show all 126 topics →