Forestry Research ICFRE

• Cryptogams

  4 of 5 topics

  • Algae
  • Fungi
  • Bryophytes
  • Pteridophytes - structure and reproduction from evolutonary viewpoint

• Phanerogams

  4 of 8 topics

  • Gymnosperms
  • Concept of Progymonosperms
  • Classification and distribution of Gymnosperms
  • Salient features of Cycadales

• Angiosperm

  4 of 132 topics

  • Plants morphology, Inflorescences, Botanical Nomenclature- Salient Features of the International Code of Nomenclature (ICN), Principles, Type method, author citation, Publication of names, rejection of names
  • Basionym
  • synonym
  • tautonym etc. Principle of priority

• Plant Anatomy

  4 of 79 topics

  • Basic structure and function of plant cells
  • Parenchyma
  • Collenchyma
  • Sclerenchyma

• Microbiology and Plant Pathology

  4 of 17 topics

  • Viruses
  • bacteria
  • and plasmids-structure and reproduction
  • Phyto-immunology

• Plant Utility and Exploitation

  4 of 15 topics

  • Origin of cultivated plants
  • Vavilov's centres of origin
  • Plants as sources for timber
  • food

• Morphogenesis

  4 of 7 topics

  • Totipotency
  • polarity
  • symmetry and differentiation
  • Cell

• Cell Biology

  4 of 17 topics

  • Techniques of Cell Biology
  • Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells -structural and ultrastructural details
  • Structure and function of extracellular matrix or ECM (cell wall) and membranes-cell adhesion, membrane and vesicular transport
  • Structure and function of cell organelles

• Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution

  4 of 15 topics

  • Development of genetics
  • gene versus allele concepts (Pseudoalleles)
  • Quantitative genetics and multiple factors
  • Linkage and crossing over

• Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and Biostatistics

  4 of 6 topics

  • Methods of plant breeding -- introduction
  • selection and hybridization (pedigree, backcross, mass selection, bulk method)
  • Male sterility and heterosis breeding
  • Use of apomixis in plant breeding

• Physiology and Biochemistry

  4 of 21 topics

  • Water relations
  • Mineral nutrition and ion transport
  • mineral deficiencies
  • Photosynthesis

• Ecology and Plant Geography

  4 of 19 topics

  • Ecological factors
  • Concepts and dynamics of community
  • Plant succession
  • Concepts of biosphere

Showing 48 of 341 topics in this subject.Show all 341 topics →

• Organic Chemistry

  4 of 67 topics

  • Organic Nomenclature
  • IUPAC nomenclature of organic molecules including regio- and stereoisomers
  • Stereochemistry
  • Principles, chirality of organic molecules with or without chiral centres and determination of their absolute configurations, configurational and conformational isomerism in acyclic and cyclic compounds

• Inorganic Chemistry

  4 of 69 topics

  • Chemical periodicity
  • Basic concept of periodicity
  • periodic properties of s
  • d- and f-block elements

• Physical Chemistry

  4 of 71 topics

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Basic principles
  • operator algebra
  • exactlysolvable systems

• Recent and Applied Chemistry

  4 of 5 topics

  • General concepts and applications
  • Environmental and Green chemistry
  • Nanaotechnology in chemistry
  • Medicinal chemistry

Showing 16 of 212 topics in this subject.Show all 212 topics →

• Insect Biodiversity and Biosystematics

  4 of 22 topics

  • Evolution of insects
  • introduction to class Insecta and its position in phylum Arthropoda
  • history of insect classification
  • phylogeny

• Commercial Entomology and other beneficial insects

  4 of 11 topics

  • Apiculture
  • Lac culture
  • Sericulture
  • Pollinators

• Insects and climate change

  0 topics

• Ecological indicators of forest health

  0 topics

• Bioinformatics

  0 topics

• Insect Morphology

  4 of 20 topics

  • Insect body structure
  • cuticular outgrowths
  • colouration and special integumentary structures in insects
  • body tagmata

• Insect Physiology and Anatomy

  4 of 39 topics

  • Scope and importance of insect anatomy and physiology
  • anatomy and physiology of digestive
  • excretory
  • respiratory

• Insect Ecology

  4 of 16 topics

  • Concept of ecology, environment and its components-biotic and abiotic factors and their effects on growth, development, population dynamics, distribution and dispersal
  • Principle of biogeography and insects biodiversity
  • Biotic potential and environmental resistance
  • Ecosystems

• Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

  4 of 20 topics

  • History
  • principles and concepts of IPM
  • ecological and socioeconomic aspects
  • concept of injury level

• Host Plant Resistance

  4 of 14 topics

  • Chemical ecology
  • mechano and chemo receptors
  • Insect plant interactions
  • mechanism of host plant selection by insects

• Biological Control of Insect Pests

  4 of 8 topics

  • Importance, scope, components and concepts of biological control, history of biological control: Important entomophagous insect orders and families
  • Evaluation and application of bio-control agents against insect pests for forest tree species
  • Principles and procedures of using exotic biocontrol agents
  • Mass multiplication techniques

• Chemical Control and Toxicology

  4 of 16 topics

  • History
  • scope and principles of chemical control
  • Classification of insecticides
  • formulations

• Insect Pests and their Management

  4 of 27 topics

  • Classification of forest insect pests
  • type of damages and symptoms
  • Factors for outbreak of pests in plantation and natural forest
  • Distribution

• Recent Trends in Entomology

  4 of 13 topics

  • Molecular insect systematic and taxonomy
  • genetic improvement and insect gene transformation of natural enemies
  • and Relative insect resistance in plant species
  • Genetic engineering in baculoviruses

Showing 44 of 206 topics in this subject.Show all 206 topics →

• Fundamentals of Ecology

  44 topics

  • Introduction
  • Definition
  • evolutionary/historical background
  • principle and scope
  • aquatic and terrestrial ecology
  • community concept
  • succession process
  • competition and Coexistence
  • natural ecosystems
  • concept of species & individual
  • concept of carrying capacity
  • Autecology
  • Introduction to Autecology
  • Population definition & characteristics
  • population parameters- growth
  • fluctuation
  • regulation and dynamics
  • r and k selection
  • species interaction and intra and inter specific competition
  • evolutionary consequences of competition
  • allelopathy
  • biotic potential
  • Synecology
  • Introduction to Synecology
  • community dynamics
  • community characteristics
  • community coefficients
  • cluster analysis
  • association analysis
  • gradient analysis
  • vegetation mapping
  • community classification concept
  • Ecosystem
  • Ecosystem components and structure
  • abiotic and biotic factors
  • trophic relation
  • functional aspect of ecosystem
  • ecological succession
  • concept of climax
  • Vegetation sampling
  • Purpose of studying plant communities
  • sampling units
  • size and shape of sampling unit
  • methods of sampling

• Ecosystem Analysis

  17 topics

  • Major ecosystems
  • Concept of Biosphere and ecosystem
  • evaluation of ecosystem
  • major biomes & biogeographic regions of India and world
  • Biodiversity
  • Ecosystem stability and Management
  • concept and levels
  • speciation and extinction
  • terrestrial biodiversity hot spots etc
  • Biodiversity status in India
  • Ecology of plant invasion
  • concept of ecosystem resistance and resilience
  • Functional aspects of ecosystem
  • Ecosystem components
  • functional aspect of ecosystem analysis
  • biomass production & methods
  • litter production & decomposition in different ecosystem and biogeochemical cycles

• Forest Ecology

  8 topics

  • Forest types of India
  • structure and biota
  • mycorrrhizae and forests
  • forests and forestry in India
  • sacred groves
  • social forestry and agro-forestry
  • human impacts on forests
  • management and conservation of tropical forests

• Conservation Ecology

  16 topics

  • Introduction
  • Definition of conservation
  • postulates of conservation biology
  • the origin and evolution of living organisms
  • ecological niches
  • adaptive radiation
  • genetic plasticity
  • Ecosystem instability
  • Species of biological importance
  • Ecosystem fragmentation and edge effects
  • Red and Green data books
  • World Conservation Strategy
  • methods of biological conservation
  • Conservation of resources
  • Energy sources - conservation and management of non-renewable fossil fuel resources, conservation and management of forest & water resources
  • conservation of biological resources

• Restoration Ecology

  29 topics

  • Introduction
  • Definition
  • aims and objectives of restoration
  • principles
  • concepts and strategies
  • role of ecological principles in restoration
  • holistic approach in restoration
  • Restoration of natural and degraded resources
  • Restoration of degraded lands/waste lands
  • range land
  • forest
  • river corridor
  • water resources
  • methods of soil and water conservation for reclamation of degraded land
  • concept of sustainable development
  • Microbial management
  • Role of microbes
  • biofertilizers and biotechnology for restoration of degraded lands
  • People’s participation in restoration
  • Role of people’s participation
  • government agencies
  • NGOs and environmental education in conservation and restoration
  • Soils and mineralization
  • Soils - characters
  • formation
  • classification and major soil types of the world
  • soil quality assessment and factors affecting soil quality
  • mineralization
  • litter dynamics and biological management of soil fertility

• Pollution and Climatic Change

  6 topics

  • Air
  • water
  • soil and noise pollution
  • bioremediation
  • Environment Impact Assessment
  • global warming and climatic change

Showing all 120 topics in this subject.Show fewer topics

• Basics of Forest Economics and associated quantitative methods

  4 of 35 topics

  • Micro and macroeconomics
  • Relevance of economics to forestry sector
  • Definition of Forest Industry Economics and Forest Management Economics
  • How Forest Economics is different from normal economics? Economic indicators of contribution of forestry to GDP of a country

• Production Forestry

  4 of 13 topics

  • Concept of Production Functions (Single and Multiple Input cases)
  • their characteristics and forms
  • Production Possibility Curve
  • Production theory as applied to forestry

• Markets and firms

  4 of 43 topics

  • Definition of Market
  • Role of markets in forestry sector
  • Forms and types of markets - Perfect Competition
  • Imperfect competition - Monopoly

• Non-Timber Forest Products and Forest Valuation, Forest Resource Economics

  4 of 30 topics

  • Forest based ecosystem services
  • Direct
  • indirect
  • use and non-use values

• Applications of Forest Economics

  4 of 42 topics

  • Sources of revenue
  • Risk and Uncertainty
  • Treatment of time horizons
  • Concept of Rotation

Showing 20 of 163 topics in this subject.Show all 163 topics →

• Silviculture

  4 of 26 topics

  • Forest ecosystem
  • classification of world’s forest vegetation
  • productivity and vegetation forms of India
  • forest composition

• Agroforestry

  4 of 20 topics

  • History in India
  • potential and scope
  • systems of the world and India
  • National Agroforestry Policy

• Forest Biometry

  4 of 16 topics

  • Measurement of tree parameters
  • modern tools and techniques
  • estimation of volume
  • growth and yield

• Forest Management

  4 of 11 topics

  • Principles
  • scope and object
  • ecosystem management
  • development of forest management in India

• Forest Products and Forest Industries

  4 of 34 topics

  • forest based industries
  • importance
  • chemistry of forest products
  • cell wall constituents

• Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation

  4 of 17 topics

  • forest ecology
  • forest productivity
  • ecology of forest landscapes
  • spatial heterogeneity

• Forest Resource Management and Economics

  4 of 11 topics

  • economics in forest management
  • application of micro and macro-economics
  • demand and supply
  • marketing

• Forest Protection

  4 of 11 topics

  • Important diseases and insect pests and their management
  • assessment of losses
  • vertebrate pests
  • adverse weather

• Forest Policy And Laws And International Conventions

  4 of 11 topics

  • National Forest Policies
  • principles of criminal law
  • Bhartiya Nyay Sanhita (BNS)
  • Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS)

• Reproductive Biology and Tree Improvement

  4 of 27 topics

  • Reproductive Biology
  • artificial vegetative propagation
  • special modes of reproduction
  • mating system dynamics

• Forests And People

  4 of 24 topics

  • Forests and its importance
  • forest societies
  • interactions with people
  • social and cultural factors

• Plantation Forestry

  4 of 34 topics

  • Role of plantation forestry
  • plantation forestry in India and abroad
  • factors determining scale and rate
  • land suitability

• Environmental Conservation

  4 of 8 topics

  • Environmental degradation
  • pollution
  • environmental conservation
  • environment impact assessment

• Statistics (Research Methodology)

  3 of 13 topics

  • Statistics
  • definition
  • object and scope

Showing 55 of 263 topics in this subject.Show all 263 topics →

• SECTION A: FOREST GENETICS

  3 of 82 topics

  • Basic principles
  • Introduction to forest genetics
  • tree breeding and its applications

• SECTION B: FOREST TREE BREEDING

  3 of 15 topics

  • Techniques of tree breeding
  • Self- and cross-pollinated tree species
  • natives and exotics with their origin and distribution

• SECTION C: APPLIED TREE IMPROVEMENT

  3 of 50 topics

  • Species and provenance testing
  • plus trees and their selection methods
  • progeny testing and identification of elite trees

• SECTION D: STATISTICAL METHODS AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS

  3 of 20 topics

  • Frequency distribution
  • measures of central tendency
  • probability theory and its application in genetics

Showing 12 of 167 topics in this subject.Show all 167 topics →

• Introduction

  3 of 4 topics

  • Hydrological cycle
  • components of hydrologic cycle
  • storage

• Atmospheric Water System and climate

  3 of 6 topics

  • Characteristics of Atmosphere
  • Atmospheric circulation patterns
  • weather systems

• Precipitation

  3 of 5 topics

  • Precipitation types
  • measurements
  • analysis

• Hydrologic Abstractions

  3 of 12 topics

  • Interception and depression storage
  • Evaporation
  • Evaporation processes

• Hydrometry

  3 of 8 topics

  • Gauge and discharge sites
  • site suitability
  • river stage

• Runoff

  3 of 11 topics

  • Factor affecting
  • runoff characteristics of stream
  • impact of forest type and forest cover on runoff

• Frequency Analysis

  3 of 8 topics

  • Random variables
  • Probability distribution functions
  • normal

• Groundwater

  3 of 5 topics

  • Types of aquifers
  • ground water recharge
  • Darcy’s Law

• Soil and water conservation

  3 of 6 topics

  • Basics of soil and water conservation
  • suitability & site selection for different types of water conservation measure
  • Planning and design of Water conservation and rainwater harvesting measures

Showing 27 of 65 topics in this subject.Show all 65 topics →

• History

  3 of 5 topics

  • Historical perspectives of forest/plant diseases
  • Major epidemics and their social impacts
  • Key contributors

• Concept of tree disease

  3 of 9 topics

  • What is a disease
  • Causes of diseases
  • Classification of diseases

• Pathogens

  3 of 9 topics

  • Fungi
  • oomycetes
  • bacteria

• Abiotic disorders

  0 topics

• Disease diagnoses

  3 topics

  • Symptoms and signs
  • Microscopy and micrometry
  • Molecular tools in pathogen detection including serology (ELISA) and DNA-based tools (DNA barcoding, LAMP, Next Generation Sequencing, etc)

• Disease epidemiology

  3 of 5 topics

  • Disease cycles (monocyclic vs. polycyclic)
  • Environmental influences (including climate change leading to shifts in pathogen distribution and increased susceptibility due to stress
  • Vector (insects, human activities, etc.)

• Disease resistance and host defence mechanisms

  3 of 10 topics

  • Structural
  • biochemical and genetic resistance
  • Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR)

• Forest disease management

  3 of 7 topics

  • Principles of disease management
  • Cultural (silvicultural practices, sanitation, etc.)
  • Chemical (fungicides, antibiotics, etc.)

• Seed diseases

  3 topics

  • Internal and external seed borne diseases
  • for eg
  • seed rot fungi (Aspergillus, Penicillium, etc.)

• Nursery diseases

  3 of 7 topics

  • Damping off (Pythium, Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, etc.)
  • Leaf spot and blight (Alternaria, Colletotrichum spp.)
  • Powdery mildew (Erysiphe, Podosphaera, Golovinomyces, etc.)

• Foliar diseases

  3 of 5 topics

  • Powdery and downy mildew
  • Leaf spot and blight
  • Rust

• Stem and bark diseases

  3 of 12 topics

  • Canker
  • Heart rot (Ganoderma, Fomes, etc.)
  • Stem canker (Botryosphaeria, Nectria, Cryphonectria parasitica, etc.)

• Root diseases

  3 of 4 topics

  • Root rots- (Ganoderma., Armillaria mellea, Phytophthora, etc.)
  • Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)
  • Pine wilt nematode

• Rot, decay and stain

  3 of 4 topics

  • White root rot (Rigidoporus microporus)
  • Brown cubical rot (Laetiporus sulphureus)
  • bacterial soft rot

• Emerging diseases

  3 of 5 topics

  • Neem dieback
  • Poplar dieback
  • Sudden Oak Death (Phytophthora ramorum)

• Tools in forest pathology

  3 of 8 topics

  • Bioinformatics
  • PCR
  • qRT PCR

Showing 45 of 96 topics in this subject.Show all 96 topics →

• Definition and concept of soil

  3 of 23 topics

  • weathering and soil formation
  • soil profile development
  • features of a typical soil profile

• Mineralogical properties of soil

  1 topics

  • important primary and secondary minerals and their influence on soil behavior

• Physical properties of soil

  3 of 14 topics

  • texture
  • structure
  • density

• Chemical properties of soil

  3 of 14 topics

  • formation of organic and inorganic soil colloids
  • types of clay minerals
  • clay : humus complex

• Biological properties of soil

  3 of 11 topics

  • Role of macro- and micro organisms and their influence on soil conditions
  • important microflora involved in mineralization of nutrient elements
  • biological nitrogen fixation and role of associated microbes (for both symbiotic and non-symbiotic processes)

• Concept of chemical analysis

  3 of 13 topics

  • Solution reactions
  • titrimetric analysis
  • concept of standard solution

• Mineral nutrition

  3 of 15 topics

  • essential nutrient elements for plant growth as per Arnon's essentiality criteria, Macro- and micro-nutrients and their role in plant growth and development, deficiency symptoms, nutrient deficiency induced plant ailments such as khaira disease of rice, heart rots in fruits and vegetables, Lime induced iron chlorosis, major organic and inorganic sources of nutrients for environment friendly biomass production cultures
  • soil fertility, management of soil fertility for sustainable yields under different climatic conditions, poly houses, minimum tillage cultures
  • permaculture

• Soil fertility evaluation

  3 of 17 topics

  • soil testing
  • plant and tissue tests and biological methods
  • Common soil test methods for fertilizer recommendation

• Application of statistics for experimental designs

  2 topics

  • analysis of variance
  • correlations for data interpretations

• Soil survey and classification

  3 of 10 topics

  • Types of soil survey
  • basis for selection of suitable method of survey
  • soil classification

• Organic and inorganic fertilizers

  3 topics

  • Soil erosion
  • types and causes of erosion
  • conservation measures and watershed management

• Major constraints of Indian soils for raising biomass productivity and measures for improvement

  3 topics

  • role of soil in mitigating impact of GHGs
  • climate change leading to global warming
  • soil as a source/ sink for carbon and carbon cycle

Showing 33 of 126 topics in this subject.Show all 126 topics →