Forestry Research ICFRE

• Cryptogams

  3 of 5 topics

  • Algae
  • Fungi
  • Bryophytes

• Phanerogams

  3 of 8 topics

  • Gymnosperms
  • Concept of Progymonosperms
  • Classification and distribution of Gymnosperms

• Angiosperm

  3 of 132 topics

  • Plants morphology, Inflorescences, Botanical Nomenclature- Salient Features of the International Code of Nomenclature (ICN), Principles, Type method, author citation, Publication of names, rejection of names
  • Basionym
  • synonym

• Plant Anatomy

  3 of 79 topics

  • Basic structure and function of plant cells
  • Parenchyma
  • Collenchyma

• Microbiology and Plant Pathology

  3 of 17 topics

  • Viruses
  • bacteria
  • and plasmids-structure and reproduction

• Plant Utility and Exploitation

  3 of 15 topics

  • Origin of cultivated plants
  • Vavilov's centres of origin
  • Plants as sources for timber

• Morphogenesis

  3 of 7 topics

  • Totipotency
  • polarity
  • symmetry and differentiation

• Cell Biology

  3 of 17 topics

  • Techniques of Cell Biology
  • Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells -structural and ultrastructural details
  • Structure and function of extracellular matrix or ECM (cell wall) and membranes-cell adhesion, membrane and vesicular transport

• Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution

  3 of 15 topics

  • Development of genetics
  • gene versus allele concepts (Pseudoalleles)
  • Quantitative genetics and multiple factors

• Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and Biostatistics

  3 of 6 topics

  • Methods of plant breeding -- introduction
  • selection and hybridization (pedigree, backcross, mass selection, bulk method)
  • Male sterility and heterosis breeding

• Physiology and Biochemistry

  3 of 21 topics

  • Water relations
  • Mineral nutrition and ion transport
  • mineral deficiencies

• Ecology and Plant Geography

  3 of 19 topics

  • Ecological factors
  • Concepts and dynamics of community
  • Plant succession

Showing 36 of 341 topics in this subject.Show all 341 topics →

• Organic Chemistry

  3 of 67 topics

  • Organic Nomenclature
  • IUPAC nomenclature of organic molecules including regio- and stereoisomers
  • Stereochemistry

• Inorganic Chemistry

  3 of 69 topics

  • Chemical periodicity
  • Basic concept of periodicity
  • periodic properties of s

• Physical Chemistry

  3 of 71 topics

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Basic principles
  • operator algebra

• Recent and Applied Chemistry

  3 of 5 topics

  • General concepts and applications
  • Environmental and Green chemistry
  • Nanaotechnology in chemistry

Showing 12 of 212 topics in this subject.Show all 212 topics →

• Insect Biodiversity and Biosystematics

  22 topics

  • Evolution of insects
  • introduction to class Insecta and its position in phylum Arthropoda
  • history of insect classification
  • phylogeny
  • evolution and nomenclature
  • diversity of insect and mite fauna in various ecosystems
  • importance of insect biodiversity in relation to forests and environment
  • Classification, distinguishing characters, general biology, habits and habitats of insects belonging to orders Collembola, Protura, Diplura, Thysanura, Odonata, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Blattodea, Isoptera, Mantodea, Grylloblattodea, Dermaptera, Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Embioptera, Zoraptera, Psocoptera, Phthiraptera, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, Strepsiptera, Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Mecoptera, Siphonaptera, Diptera, Trichoptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera
  • Distinguishing characters, general biology, habits and habitats of important insect families of insect forest and agricultural importance
  • History and importance of Entomology/Forest Entomology
  • Principles and application of zoological nomenclature
  • palaeontology and phylogeny
  • species concept and speciation
  • taxonomic and identification keys
  • description of new taxa
  • taxonomic characters
  • numerical taxonomy
  • cladistics and phenetics
  • molecular systematic
  • Current trends in insect classification
  • institutions of importance in biosystematics
  • status of biosystematics in India

• Commercial Entomology and other beneficial insects

  11 topics

  • Apiculture
  • Lac culture
  • Sericulture
  • Pollinators
  • biocontrol agents of weeds
  • soil fertility improving agents
  • scavengers
  • Use of insects in medicines
  • scientific investigations
  • insects as food
  • insects of aesthetic importance

• Insects and climate change

  0 topics

• Ecological indicators of forest health

  0 topics

• Bioinformatics

  0 topics

• Insect Morphology

  20 topics

  • Insect body structure
  • cuticular outgrowths
  • colouration and special integumentary structures in insects
  • body tagmata
  • sclerites and segmentation
  • Head and their appendages - origin
  • structure and modification
  • types of mouthparts and antennae
  • tentorium and neck sclerites
  • Thorax structure
  • thoracic appendages and their modification
  • Wings
  • structure and modifications
  • venation
  • wing coupling apparatus and mechanism of flight
  • Legs
  • Abdomen-segmentation and appendages
  • genitalia and their modifications
  • embryonic and post-embryonic development
  • insect sense organs

• Insect Physiology and Anatomy

  39 topics

  • Scope and importance of insect anatomy and physiology
  • anatomy and physiology of digestive
  • excretory
  • respiratory
  • circulatory
  • nervous
  • endocrine and reproductive systems of important insect groups
  • Process of insect body development and role of hormones in body development
  • metamorphosis and different physiological process
  • Physiology of various systems
  • Adaptation of insects to various ecosystems
  • Chemistry of cuticle- pre and post metamorphic changes
  • ultrastructure of nerve and glial cells
  • cuticle
  • trachea
  • muscle fibres
  • epidermis and midgut cells
  • sensory physiology
  • chemical communication in insects
  • pheromones in insect behaviour
  • exocrine and accessory glands
  • acoustic communication
  • photoperiodism
  • diapause
  • immunity
  • insect clocks
  • insect venoms
  • migration and dispersal
  • polymorphism in insects and its endocrine regulation
  • Nutrition and food preferences of phytophagous and entomophagous insects
  • role of vitamins
  • proteins
  • amino acids
  • carbohydrates
  • lipids
  • minerals in insect nutrition
  • growth factors
  • external and internal cellular micro organisms and their transmission
  • location and physiology

• Insect Ecology

  16 topics

  • Concept of ecology, environment and its components-biotic and abiotic factors and their effects on growth, development, population dynamics, distribution and dispersal
  • Principle of biogeography and insects biodiversity
  • Biotic potential and environmental resistance
  • Ecosystems
  • agroecosystems analysis
  • their characteristics and functioning
  • Intra and inter specific relationship
  • competition
  • predator-prey and host-parasite interactions
  • ecological niche
  • Life table studies
  • population models
  • Food chain and food web
  • Arthropod population monitoring
  • pest forecasting
  • Diapause and causes of pest out breaks

• Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

  20 topics

  • History
  • principles and concepts of IPM
  • ecological and socioeconomic aspects
  • concept of injury level
  • Sampling and measuring for economic levels of damage
  • analysis and modeling
  • Methods of integrated pest management in forest tree species
  • Application of mechanical
  • physical
  • silvicultural
  • biological
  • microbial
  • behavioral
  • Hormonal and chemical control
  • Legal control
  • cultural control
  • genetic control and other management practices
  • their integration in IPM
  • their advantages and limitations
  • Laws of quarantine

• Host Plant Resistance

  14 topics

  • Chemical ecology
  • mechano and chemo receptors
  • Insect plant interactions
  • mechanism of host plant selection by insects
  • Defense mechanism of plants against phytophagus insect
  • Mechanism of biotypes development and its remedial measures
  • Tritrophic interactions
  • induced resistance
  • Concept
  • basis and mechanism of resistance development and evaluation techniques
  • Genetics and types of resistance
  • Biotechnological approaches and development of transgenic insect resistant plants, its advantages and limitations
  • Case histories
  • Insect resistance to transgenic plants and its management

• Biological Control of Insect Pests

  8 topics

  • Importance, scope, components and concepts of biological control, history of biological control: Important entomophagous insect orders and families
  • Evaluation and application of bio-control agents against insect pests for forest tree species
  • Principles and procedures of using exotic biocontrol agents
  • Mass multiplication techniques
  • important bio-control agents
  • Effective evaluation techniques
  • Biocontrol organizations in world and India
  • Successful cases of biological control of pests

• Chemical Control and Toxicology

  16 topics

  • History
  • scope and principles of chemical control
  • Classification of insecticides
  • formulations
  • metabolism and mode of action of different groups of insecticides
  • Problems of pesticide hazards and environmental pollution
  • safety
  • precautions and first aid treatments
  • Insecticides Act
  • registration and quality control
  • Pesticides residues in the environment and their dynamics of movements
  • methods of residue analysis
  • Selectivity of insecticidal actions
  • insecticide resistance and management of insecticide resistance
  • Insecticide application appliances
  • Types of nozzles in sprayers their uses and maintenance of appliances

• Insect Pests and their Management

  27 topics

  • Classification of forest insect pests
  • type of damages and symptoms
  • Factors for outbreak of pests in plantation and natural forest
  • Distribution
  • host range
  • biology and bionomics
  • nature of damage and management of insect pests of important forestry species
  • forest nursery
  • field crops of timber yielding species including Tectona grandis
  • Dalbergia sp. Sal (shorea robusta)
  • Albizia spp
  • Sandal Ailanthus spp. Gmelina sp
  • Terminalia
  • deodar
  • pines
  • Eucalyptus spp
  • bamboo
  • casuarina spp. Neem
  • Acacia spp
  • etc
  • horticulture crops
  • stored grains/ seeds
  • Insect pests of freshly filled trees and finished timber and their management
  • Insect vectors of plant diseases
  • Common and important insects as vectors and their relationship with the plant diseases
  • Mechanism of pathogen transmission
  • Management of insect vector and its effect on diseases control

• Recent Trends in Entomology

  13 topics

  • Molecular insect systematic and taxonomy
  • genetic improvement and insect gene transformation of natural enemies
  • and Relative insect resistance in plant species
  • Genetic engineering in baculoviruses
  • Bt and entomopathogenic fungi
  • Genes of interest in entomological research
  • Transgenic plants for insect pest resistance
  • Biotechnology in relation to silkworms and honey bees
  • Computer aided decision making and modeling
  • system approach in agro-ecosystem
  • remote sensing
  • perception of sound and light by insect
  • their applications

Showing all 206 topics in this subject.Show fewer topics

• Fundamentals of Ecology

  3 of 44 topics

  • Introduction
  • Definition
  • evolutionary/historical background

• Ecosystem Analysis

  3 of 17 topics

  • Major ecosystems
  • Concept of Biosphere and ecosystem
  • evaluation of ecosystem

• Forest Ecology

  3 of 8 topics

  • Forest types of India
  • structure and biota
  • mycorrrhizae and forests

• Conservation Ecology

  3 of 16 topics

  • Introduction
  • Definition of conservation
  • postulates of conservation biology

• Restoration Ecology

  3 of 29 topics

  • Introduction
  • Definition
  • aims and objectives of restoration

• Pollution and Climatic Change

  3 of 6 topics

  • Air
  • water
  • soil and noise pollution

Showing 18 of 120 topics in this subject.Show all 120 topics →

• Basics of Forest Economics and associated quantitative methods

  3 of 35 topics

  • Micro and macroeconomics
  • Relevance of economics to forestry sector
  • Definition of Forest Industry Economics and Forest Management Economics

• Production Forestry

  3 of 13 topics

  • Concept of Production Functions (Single and Multiple Input cases)
  • their characteristics and forms
  • Production Possibility Curve

• Markets and firms

  3 of 43 topics

  • Definition of Market
  • Role of markets in forestry sector
  • Forms and types of markets - Perfect Competition

• Non-Timber Forest Products and Forest Valuation, Forest Resource Economics

  3 of 30 topics

  • Forest based ecosystem services
  • Direct
  • indirect

• Applications of Forest Economics

  3 of 42 topics

  • Sources of revenue
  • Risk and Uncertainty
  • Treatment of time horizons

Showing 15 of 163 topics in this subject.Show all 163 topics →

• Silviculture

  3 of 26 topics

  • Forest ecosystem
  • classification of world’s forest vegetation
  • productivity and vegetation forms of India

• Agroforestry

  3 of 20 topics

  • History in India
  • potential and scope
  • systems of the world and India

• Forest Biometry

  3 of 16 topics

  • Measurement of tree parameters
  • modern tools and techniques
  • estimation of volume

• Forest Management

  3 of 11 topics

  • Principles
  • scope and object
  • ecosystem management

• Forest Products and Forest Industries

  3 of 34 topics

  • forest based industries
  • importance
  • chemistry of forest products

• Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation

  3 of 17 topics

  • forest ecology
  • forest productivity
  • ecology of forest landscapes

• Forest Resource Management and Economics

  3 of 11 topics

  • economics in forest management
  • application of micro and macro-economics
  • demand and supply

• Forest Protection

  3 of 11 topics

  • Important diseases and insect pests and their management
  • assessment of losses
  • vertebrate pests

• Forest Policy And Laws And International Conventions

  3 of 11 topics

  • National Forest Policies
  • principles of criminal law
  • Bhartiya Nyay Sanhita (BNS)

• Reproductive Biology and Tree Improvement

  3 of 27 topics

  • Reproductive Biology
  • artificial vegetative propagation
  • special modes of reproduction

• Forests And People

  3 of 24 topics

  • Forests and its importance
  • forest societies
  • interactions with people

• Plantation Forestry

  3 of 34 topics

  • Role of plantation forestry
  • plantation forestry in India and abroad
  • factors determining scale and rate

• Environmental Conservation

  3 of 8 topics

  • Environmental degradation
  • pollution
  • environmental conservation

• Statistics (Research Methodology)

  3 of 13 topics

  • Statistics
  • definition
  • object and scope

Showing 42 of 263 topics in this subject.Show all 263 topics →

• SECTION A: FOREST GENETICS

  3 of 82 topics

  • Basic principles
  • Introduction to forest genetics
  • tree breeding and its applications

• SECTION B: FOREST TREE BREEDING

  3 of 15 topics

  • Techniques of tree breeding
  • Self- and cross-pollinated tree species
  • natives and exotics with their origin and distribution

• SECTION C: APPLIED TREE IMPROVEMENT

  3 of 50 topics

  • Species and provenance testing
  • plus trees and their selection methods
  • progeny testing and identification of elite trees

• SECTION D: STATISTICAL METHODS AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS

  3 of 20 topics

  • Frequency distribution
  • measures of central tendency
  • probability theory and its application in genetics

Showing 12 of 167 topics in this subject.Show all 167 topics →

• Introduction

  3 of 4 topics

  • Hydrological cycle
  • components of hydrologic cycle
  • storage

• Atmospheric Water System and climate

  3 of 6 topics

  • Characteristics of Atmosphere
  • Atmospheric circulation patterns
  • weather systems

• Precipitation

  3 of 5 topics

  • Precipitation types
  • measurements
  • analysis

• Hydrologic Abstractions

  3 of 12 topics

  • Interception and depression storage
  • Evaporation
  • Evaporation processes

• Hydrometry

  3 of 8 topics

  • Gauge and discharge sites
  • site suitability
  • river stage

• Runoff

  3 of 11 topics

  • Factor affecting
  • runoff characteristics of stream
  • impact of forest type and forest cover on runoff

• Frequency Analysis

  3 of 8 topics

  • Random variables
  • Probability distribution functions
  • normal

• Groundwater

  3 of 5 topics

  • Types of aquifers
  • ground water recharge
  • Darcy’s Law

• Soil and water conservation

  2 of 6 topics

  • Basics of soil and water conservation
  • suitability & site selection for different types of water conservation measure

Showing 26 of 65 topics in this subject.Show all 65 topics →

• History

  2 of 5 topics

  • Historical perspectives of forest/plant diseases
  • Major epidemics and their social impacts

• Concept of tree disease

  2 of 9 topics

  • What is a disease
  • Causes of diseases

• Pathogens

  2 of 9 topics

  • Fungi
  • oomycetes

• Abiotic disorders

  0 topics

• Disease diagnoses

  2 of 3 topics

  • Symptoms and signs
  • Microscopy and micrometry

• Disease epidemiology

  2 of 5 topics

  • Disease cycles (monocyclic vs. polycyclic)
  • Environmental influences (including climate change leading to shifts in pathogen distribution and increased susceptibility due to stress

• Disease resistance and host defence mechanisms

  2 of 10 topics

  • Structural
  • biochemical and genetic resistance

• Forest disease management

  2 of 7 topics

  • Principles of disease management
  • Cultural (silvicultural practices, sanitation, etc.)

• Seed diseases

  2 of 3 topics

  • Internal and external seed borne diseases
  • for eg

• Nursery diseases

  2 of 7 topics

  • Damping off (Pythium, Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, etc.)
  • Leaf spot and blight (Alternaria, Colletotrichum spp.)

• Foliar diseases

  2 of 5 topics

  • Powdery and downy mildew
  • Leaf spot and blight

• Stem and bark diseases

  2 of 12 topics

  • Canker
  • Heart rot (Ganoderma, Fomes, etc.)

• Root diseases

  2 of 4 topics

  • Root rots- (Ganoderma., Armillaria mellea, Phytophthora, etc.)
  • Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)

• Rot, decay and stain

  2 of 4 topics

  • White root rot (Rigidoporus microporus)
  • Brown cubical rot (Laetiporus sulphureus)

• Emerging diseases

  2 of 5 topics

  • Neem dieback
  • Poplar dieback

• Tools in forest pathology

  2 of 8 topics

  • Bioinformatics
  • PCR

Showing 30 of 96 topics in this subject.Show all 96 topics →

• Definition and concept of soil

  2 of 23 topics

  • weathering and soil formation
  • soil profile development

• Mineralogical properties of soil

  1 topics

  • important primary and secondary minerals and their influence on soil behavior

• Physical properties of soil

  2 of 14 topics

  • texture
  • structure

• Chemical properties of soil

  2 of 14 topics

  • formation of organic and inorganic soil colloids
  • types of clay minerals

• Biological properties of soil

  2 of 11 topics

  • Role of macro- and micro organisms and their influence on soil conditions
  • important microflora involved in mineralization of nutrient elements

• Concept of chemical analysis

  2 of 13 topics

  • Solution reactions
  • titrimetric analysis

• Mineral nutrition

  2 of 15 topics

  • essential nutrient elements for plant growth as per Arnon's essentiality criteria, Macro- and micro-nutrients and their role in plant growth and development, deficiency symptoms, nutrient deficiency induced plant ailments such as khaira disease of rice, heart rots in fruits and vegetables, Lime induced iron chlorosis, major organic and inorganic sources of nutrients for environment friendly biomass production cultures
  • soil fertility, management of soil fertility for sustainable yields under different climatic conditions, poly houses, minimum tillage cultures

• Soil fertility evaluation

  2 of 17 topics

  • soil testing
  • plant and tissue tests and biological methods

• Application of statistics for experimental designs

  2 topics

  • analysis of variance
  • correlations for data interpretations

• Soil survey and classification

  2 of 10 topics

  • Types of soil survey
  • basis for selection of suitable method of survey

• Organic and inorganic fertilizers

  2 of 3 topics

  • Soil erosion
  • types and causes of erosion

• Major constraints of Indian soils for raising biomass productivity and measures for improvement

  2 of 3 topics

  • role of soil in mitigating impact of GHGs
  • climate change leading to global warming

Showing 23 of 126 topics in this subject.Show all 126 topics →