Forestry Research ICFRE

• Cryptogams

  3 of 5 topics

  • Algae
  • Fungi
  • Bryophytes

• Phanerogams

  3 of 8 topics

  • Gymnosperms
  • Concept of Progymonosperms
  • Classification and distribution of Gymnosperms

• Angiosperm

  2 of 132 topics

  • Plants morphology, Inflorescences, Botanical Nomenclature- Salient Features of the International Code of Nomenclature (ICN), Principles, Type method, author citation, Publication of names, rejection of names
  • Basionym

• Plant Anatomy

  2 of 79 topics

  • Basic structure and function of plant cells
  • Parenchyma

• Microbiology and Plant Pathology

  2 of 17 topics

  • Viruses
  • bacteria

• Plant Utility and Exploitation

  2 of 15 topics

  • Origin of cultivated plants
  • Vavilov's centres of origin

• Morphogenesis

  2 of 7 topics

  • Totipotency
  • polarity

• Cell Biology

  2 of 17 topics

  • Techniques of Cell Biology
  • Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells -structural and ultrastructural details

• Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution

  2 of 15 topics

  • Development of genetics
  • gene versus allele concepts (Pseudoalleles)

• Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and Biostatistics

  2 of 6 topics

  • Methods of plant breeding -- introduction
  • selection and hybridization (pedigree, backcross, mass selection, bulk method)

• Physiology and Biochemistry

  2 of 21 topics

  • Water relations
  • Mineral nutrition and ion transport

• Ecology and Plant Geography

  2 of 19 topics

  • Ecological factors
  • Concepts and dynamics of community

Showing 26 of 341 topics in this subject.Show all 341 topics →

• Organic Chemistry

  2 of 67 topics

  • Organic Nomenclature
  • IUPAC nomenclature of organic molecules including regio- and stereoisomers

• Inorganic Chemistry

  2 of 69 topics

  • Chemical periodicity
  • Basic concept of periodicity

• Physical Chemistry

  2 of 71 topics

  • Quantum mechanics
  • Basic principles

• Recent and Applied Chemistry

  2 of 5 topics

  • General concepts and applications
  • Environmental and Green chemistry

Showing 8 of 212 topics in this subject.Show all 212 topics →

• Insect Biodiversity and Biosystematics

  2 of 22 topics

  • Evolution of insects
  • introduction to class Insecta and its position in phylum Arthropoda

• Commercial Entomology and other beneficial insects

  2 of 11 topics

  • Apiculture
  • Lac culture

• Insects and climate change

  0 topics

• Ecological indicators of forest health

  0 topics

• Bioinformatics

  0 topics

• Insect Morphology

  2 of 20 topics

  • Insect body structure
  • cuticular outgrowths

• Insect Physiology and Anatomy

  2 of 39 topics

  • Scope and importance of insect anatomy and physiology
  • anatomy and physiology of digestive

• Insect Ecology

  2 of 16 topics

  • Concept of ecology, environment and its components-biotic and abiotic factors and their effects on growth, development, population dynamics, distribution and dispersal
  • Principle of biogeography and insects biodiversity

• Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

  2 of 20 topics

  • History
  • principles and concepts of IPM

• Host Plant Resistance

  2 of 14 topics

  • Chemical ecology
  • mechano and chemo receptors

• Biological Control of Insect Pests

  2 of 8 topics

  • Importance, scope, components and concepts of biological control, history of biological control: Important entomophagous insect orders and families
  • Evaluation and application of bio-control agents against insect pests for forest tree species

• Chemical Control and Toxicology

  2 of 16 topics

  • History
  • scope and principles of chemical control

• Insect Pests and their Management

  2 of 27 topics

  • Classification of forest insect pests
  • type of damages and symptoms

• Recent Trends in Entomology

  2 of 13 topics

  • Molecular insect systematic and taxonomy
  • genetic improvement and insect gene transformation of natural enemies

Showing 22 of 206 topics in this subject.Show all 206 topics →

• Fundamentals of Ecology

  2 of 44 topics

  • Introduction
  • Definition

• Ecosystem Analysis

  2 of 17 topics

  • Major ecosystems
  • Concept of Biosphere and ecosystem

• Forest Ecology

  2 of 8 topics

  • Forest types of India
  • structure and biota

• Conservation Ecology

  2 of 16 topics

  • Introduction
  • Definition of conservation

• Restoration Ecology

  2 of 29 topics

  • Introduction
  • Definition

• Pollution and Climatic Change

  2 of 6 topics

  • Air
  • water

Showing 12 of 120 topics in this subject.Show all 120 topics →

• Basics of Forest Economics and associated quantitative methods

  2 of 35 topics

  • Micro and macroeconomics
  • Relevance of economics to forestry sector

• Production Forestry

  2 of 13 topics

  • Concept of Production Functions (Single and Multiple Input cases)
  • their characteristics and forms

• Markets and firms

  2 of 43 topics

  • Definition of Market
  • Role of markets in forestry sector

• Non-Timber Forest Products and Forest Valuation, Forest Resource Economics

  2 of 30 topics

  • Forest based ecosystem services
  • Direct

• Applications of Forest Economics

  2 of 42 topics

  • Sources of revenue
  • Risk and Uncertainty

Showing 10 of 163 topics in this subject.Show all 163 topics →

• Silviculture

  26 topics

  • Forest ecosystem
  • classification of world’s forest vegetation
  • productivity and vegetation forms of India
  • forest composition
  • structure
  • stand dynamics
  • forest succession
  • forest types
  • competition and tolerance
  • ecophysiology of tree growth
  • natural regeneration
  • artificial regeneration
  • silvicultural systems
  • intermediate treatments
  • Forest site management
  • salvage cutting
  • improvement felling
  • coppice forestry and enrichment planting
  • Weeds
  • locality factors
  • selection of tree species
  • precision silviculture
  • silviculture of important trees
  • Forest Nursery
  • Seed collection
  • processing and storage

• Agroforestry

  20 topics

  • History in India
  • potential and scope
  • systems of the world and India
  • National Agroforestry Policy
  • Agroforestry Classification
  • agroforestry in food security
  • wasteland development
  • soil and water conservation
  • soil productivity enhancement and climate change mitigation
  • Principle and criteria for selection of agroforestry tree species
  • Tree –crop interactions
  • crop planning and management
  • integrated farming system
  • fodder production
  • tropical home gardens
  • taungyas
  • alley cropping
  • Integrated Watershed Management
  • Biomass production for fuel wood
  • small timber & raw materials for cottage industries

• Forest Biometry

  16 topics

  • Measurement of tree parameters
  • modern tools and techniques
  • estimation of volume
  • growth and yield
  • stand structure
  • volume
  • yield and stand tables
  • forest inventory
  • sampling methods
  • Forest site
  • classification and evaluation
  • Use of GPS
  • remote sensing and GIS
  • stand density
  • simulation techniques
  • prediction models

• Forest Management

  11 topics

  • Principles
  • scope and object
  • ecosystem management
  • development of forest management in India
  • Concept of sustained yield
  • normal Forest
  • site quality evaluation and importance
  • classical approaches to yield regulation
  • salient features and strategies
  • forest valuation and appraisal
  • Carbon stock assessment

• Forest Products and Forest Industries

  34 topics

  • forest based industries
  • importance
  • chemistry of forest products
  • cell wall constituents
  • logging
  • wood conversion
  • seasoning
  • preservation
  • mechanical properties of wood
  • wood anatomy
  • composite wood
  • pulp
  • paper
  • charcoal
  • destructive distillation
  • use of wood of important forest species
  • plant sources and uses of gums
  • resins
  • katha
  • dyes
  • tannins
  • oils
  • fibres
  • raw drugs
  • bamboo and other non-wood products
  • extraction
  • processing and utilisation
  • chemical composition of oleoresin from major pine species
  • structural difference among different gums
  • chemical nature and uses of volatile oils
  • cutch
  • forest based dyes and pigments
  • use of wood of lesser known forest species
  • chemical composition of oleoresin

• Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation

  17 topics

  • forest ecology
  • forest productivity
  • ecology of forest landscapes
  • spatial heterogeneity
  • Grassland type
  • Types of grazing
  • Grassland management
  • conservation of natural resources
  • forest genetic resources: timber and non timber species
  • Survey
  • exploration and sampling strategies
  • Biological diversity and its significance to sustainable use
  • assessment methodologies
  • biodiversity conservation programmes
  • biodiversity linked ecosystem services
  • intellectual property rights
  • quarantine laws

• Forest Resource Management and Economics

  11 topics

  • economics in forest management
  • application of micro and macro-economics
  • demand and supply
  • marketing
  • forest capital theory
  • trade in forest products
  • Impact of economics
  • externalities and property rights
  • natural and environmental resource accounting
  • ecosystem services assessment methods
  • application of operations research tools in forest management

• Forest Protection

  11 topics

  • Important diseases and insect pests and their management
  • assessment of losses
  • vertebrate pests
  • adverse weather
  • pollutants
  • forest fires
  • wildlife damage and weeds
  • Biodegradation of wood
  • role of mycorrhiza
  • natural regulation of insect populations
  • developing resistance trees

• Forest Policy And Laws And International Conventions

  11 topics

  • National Forest Policies
  • principles of criminal law
  • Bhartiya Nyay Sanhita (BNS)
  • Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS)
  • Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA)
  • Forest laws
  • case studies & landmark judgments
  • Agroforestry Policy
  • Wildlife act
  • Forest Conservation act
  • Biodiversity act

• Reproductive Biology and Tree Improvement

  27 topics

  • Reproductive Biology
  • artificial vegetative propagation
  • special modes of reproduction
  • mating system dynamics
  • environmental effects on Sex expression
  • mechanism of pollination
  • Fertilization
  • seed and fruit development
  • dispersal
  • Gene flow mechanics
  • forest tree breeding
  • tree improvement and forest genetics
  • Variation in trees
  • natural variation in tree improvement
  • Seed biology
  • seed orchards selective breeding methods
  • plus tree selection
  • selection strategies
  • estimating genetic parameters and genetic gain
  • Heterosis breeding
  • species and racial hybridization
  • Polyploidy
  • aneuploidy and haploidy \
  • Biotechnology in tree improvement
  • mutation breeding
  • Economics of tree breeding
  • Clonal Forestry

• Forests And People

  24 topics

  • Forests and its importance
  • forest societies
  • interactions with people
  • social and cultural factors
  • afforestation programmes
  • forest conflicts
  • wildlife and human conflicts
  • important forest movements
  • gender dimension
  • tribal economy
  • pastoralists
  • management of commons and Common Property Resources (CPRs) and open access resources
  • sustainable livelihood
  • food security
  • eco-tourism
  • land use change
  • Forest rights
  • customary rights of people
  • community participation
  • biodiversity and ethnobotany
  • global environmental change and land use
  • resettlement
  • poverty alleviation and forests
  • role of NGOs and other CBOs community based organizations

• Plantation Forestry

  34 topics

  • Role of plantation forestry
  • plantation forestry in India and abroad
  • factors determining scale and rate
  • land suitability
  • choice of species
  • production technologies for quality planting stock
  • site preparation
  • planting
  • nutritional dynamics
  • irrigation
  • mechanization
  • protection
  • after care
  • pruning and thinning
  • rotation in plantation
  • failure of plantations
  • Impact of interaction and integration of plantation forestry
  • protective afforestation
  • afforestation of inhospitable sites
  • ecological factors and long term productivity
  • sustainable yield
  • post harvest practices
  • Wasteland plantation- Industrial Plantation- Corporate plantation- Contract plantation
  • Case studies in plantations of Eucalyptus
  • Casuarina
  • Poplars
  • Acacias
  • Pine
  • Silver Oak
  • Gmelina
  • Teak
  • Sandal
  • Bamboo
  • etc

• Environmental Conservation

  8 topics

  • Environmental degradation
  • pollution
  • environmental conservation
  • environment impact assessment
  • India's international obligation
  • International Conventions
  • global warming and Climate Change
  • impact of climate change and carbon sequestration

• Statistics (Research Methodology)

  13 topics

  • Statistics
  • definition
  • object and scope
  • frequency distribution
  • mean
  • median
  • mode and standard deviation
  • introduction to correlation and regression
  • experimental designs
  • basic principles
  • completely randomized
  • randomized block
  • Latin square and split plot designs

Showing all 263 topics in this subject.Show fewer topics

• SECTION A: FOREST GENETICS

  2 of 82 topics

  • Basic principles
  • Introduction to forest genetics

• SECTION B: FOREST TREE BREEDING

  2 of 15 topics

  • Techniques of tree breeding
  • Self- and cross-pollinated tree species

• SECTION C: APPLIED TREE IMPROVEMENT

  2 of 50 topics

  • Species and provenance testing
  • plus trees and their selection methods

• SECTION D: STATISTICAL METHODS AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS

  2 of 20 topics

  • Frequency distribution
  • measures of central tendency

Showing 8 of 167 topics in this subject.Show all 167 topics →

• Introduction

  2 of 4 topics

  • Hydrological cycle
  • components of hydrologic cycle

• Atmospheric Water System and climate

  2 of 6 topics

  • Characteristics of Atmosphere
  • Atmospheric circulation patterns

• Precipitation

  2 of 5 topics

  • Precipitation types
  • measurements

• Hydrologic Abstractions

  2 of 12 topics

  • Interception and depression storage
  • Evaporation

• Hydrometry

  2 of 8 topics

  • Gauge and discharge sites
  • site suitability

• Runoff

  2 of 11 topics

  • Factor affecting
  • runoff characteristics of stream

• Frequency Analysis

  2 of 8 topics

  • Random variables
  • Probability distribution functions

• Groundwater

  2 of 5 topics

  • Types of aquifers
  • ground water recharge

• Soil and water conservation

  2 of 6 topics

  • Basics of soil and water conservation
  • suitability & site selection for different types of water conservation measure

Showing 18 of 65 topics in this subject.Show all 65 topics →

• History

  2 of 5 topics

  • Historical perspectives of forest/plant diseases
  • Major epidemics and their social impacts

• Concept of tree disease

  2 of 9 topics

  • What is a disease
  • Causes of diseases

• Pathogens

  2 of 9 topics

  • Fungi
  • oomycetes

• Abiotic disorders

  0 topics

• Disease diagnoses

  2 of 3 topics

  • Symptoms and signs
  • Microscopy and micrometry

• Disease epidemiology

  2 of 5 topics

  • Disease cycles (monocyclic vs. polycyclic)
  • Environmental influences (including climate change leading to shifts in pathogen distribution and increased susceptibility due to stress

• Disease resistance and host defence mechanisms

  2 of 10 topics

  • Structural
  • biochemical and genetic resistance

• Forest disease management

  2 of 7 topics

  • Principles of disease management
  • Cultural (silvicultural practices, sanitation, etc.)

• Seed diseases

  2 of 3 topics

  • Internal and external seed borne diseases
  • for eg

• Nursery diseases

  2 of 7 topics

  • Damping off (Pythium, Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Fusarium, etc.)
  • Leaf spot and blight (Alternaria, Colletotrichum spp.)

• Foliar diseases

  2 of 5 topics

  • Powdery and downy mildew
  • Leaf spot and blight

• Stem and bark diseases

  2 of 12 topics

  • Canker
  • Heart rot (Ganoderma, Fomes, etc.)

• Root diseases

  2 of 4 topics

  • Root rots- (Ganoderma., Armillaria mellea, Phytophthora, etc.)
  • Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.)

• Rot, decay and stain

  2 of 4 topics

  • White root rot (Rigidoporus microporus)
  • Brown cubical rot (Laetiporus sulphureus)

• Emerging diseases

  2 of 5 topics

  • Neem dieback
  • Poplar dieback

• Tools in forest pathology

  2 of 8 topics

  • Bioinformatics
  • PCR

Showing 30 of 96 topics in this subject.Show all 96 topics →

• Definition and concept of soil

  2 of 23 topics

  • weathering and soil formation
  • soil profile development

• Mineralogical properties of soil

  1 topics

  • important primary and secondary minerals and their influence on soil behavior

• Physical properties of soil

  2 of 14 topics

  • texture
  • structure

• Chemical properties of soil

  2 of 14 topics

  • formation of organic and inorganic soil colloids
  • types of clay minerals

• Biological properties of soil

  2 of 11 topics

  • Role of macro- and micro organisms and their influence on soil conditions
  • important microflora involved in mineralization of nutrient elements

• Concept of chemical analysis

  2 of 13 topics

  • Solution reactions
  • titrimetric analysis

• Mineral nutrition

  2 of 15 topics

  • essential nutrient elements for plant growth as per Arnon's essentiality criteria, Macro- and micro-nutrients and their role in plant growth and development, deficiency symptoms, nutrient deficiency induced plant ailments such as khaira disease of rice, heart rots in fruits and vegetables, Lime induced iron chlorosis, major organic and inorganic sources of nutrients for environment friendly biomass production cultures
  • soil fertility, management of soil fertility for sustainable yields under different climatic conditions, poly houses, minimum tillage cultures

• Soil fertility evaluation

  2 of 17 topics

  • soil testing
  • plant and tissue tests and biological methods

• Application of statistics for experimental designs

  2 topics

  • analysis of variance
  • correlations for data interpretations

• Soil survey and classification

  2 of 10 topics

  • Types of soil survey
  • basis for selection of suitable method of survey

• Organic and inorganic fertilizers

  2 of 3 topics

  • Soil erosion
  • types and causes of erosion

• Major constraints of Indian soils for raising biomass productivity and measures for improvement

  2 of 3 topics

  • role of soil in mitigating impact of GHGs
  • climate change leading to global warming

Showing 23 of 126 topics in this subject.Show all 126 topics →